CONTENTS ix 



Montana Hatching Box 196 



Vertical-Tray Incubators 75 7 



Simulated Natural Conditions and Rearing Pond Incubation 1 99 



Bibliography 200 



4: Nutrition and Feeding 



Nutrition 208 



Factors Influencing Nutritional Requirements 270 



Water Temperature 270 



Species, Body Size, and Age 27 7 



Physiological Changes 27 7 



Other Environmental Factors 272 



Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients 2 72 



Oxygen and Water Requirements 213 



Protein Requirements 214 



Protein in Salmonid Feeds 2 75 



Protein in Catfish Feeds 2 7 6^ 



Protein in Coolwater Fish Feeds 27 7 



Carbohydrate Requirements 27 7 



Carbohydrates in Salmonid Feeds 2 75 



Carbohydrates in Catfish Feeds 2 75 



Lipid Requirements 220 



Lipid Requirements for Salmonids 22 7 



Lipid Requirements for Catfish 224 



Energy Requirements 224 



Energy Requirements for Salmonids 225 



Energy Requirements for Catfish 226 



Vitamin Requirements 227 



Mineral Requirements 229 



Nonnutritive Factors 2J7 



Fiber 2J7 



Pigment-Producing Factors 232 



Antioxidants 232 



Materials Affecting Fish Quality and Flavor 232 



Organic Toxicants in Feeds 233 



Sources of Feeds 233 



Natural Foods 233 



Formulated Feeds 234 



Feed Manufacturing 234 



Open- and Closed- Formulated Feeds 235 



Handling and Storing Procedures 236 



Feed Evaluation 238 



