xvi FISH HAICHERV MANAGEMENT 



The format of Fisli Hatchery Management is functional: hatchery require- 

 ments and operations; broodstock management and spawning; nutrition 

 and feeding; fish health; fish transportation. We have tried to emphasize 

 the principles of hatchery culture that are applicable to many species of 

 fish, whether they are from warmwater, coolwater, or coldwater areas of the 

 continent. Information about individual species is distributed through the 

 text; with the aid of the Index, a hatchery manager can assemble detailed 

 profiles of several species of particular interest. 



In the broad sense, fish culture as presented in Fish Hatchery Management 

 encompasses not only the classical "hatchery" with troughs and raceways 

 (intensive culture), but also pond culture (extensive culture), and cage and 

 pen culture (which utilizes water areas previously considered inappropriate 

 for rearing large numbers of fish in a captive environment). The coolwater 

 species, such as northern pike, walleye, and the popular tiger muskie, tradi- 

 tionally were treated as warmwater species and were extensively reared in 

 dirt ponds. These species now are being reared intensively with increasing 

 success in facilities traditionally associated with salmonid (coldwater) 

 species. 



We have no pretense of authoring an original treatise on fish culture. 

 Rather, we have assembled existing information that we feel is pertinent to 

 good fish hatchery management. We have quoted several excellent litera- 

 ture sources extensively when we found we could not improve on the 

 author's presentation. We have avoided literature citations in the text, but 

 a bibliography is appended to each chapter. We have utilized unpublished 

 material developed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Dale D. 

 Lamberton's use of length-weight tables and feeding rate calculations, and 

 his procedures for projecting fish growth and keeping hatchery records 

 have been especially useful. Thomas L. Wellborn's information on fish 

 health management greatly strengthened the chapter on that subject. 



Many people have helped us prepare this manual. Our special recogni- 

 tion and appreciation go to Ms. Florence Jerome whose dedication and 

 diligent efforts in typing several manuscript drafts, and in formating tables 

 and figures, allowed us to complete the book. 



Roger L. Herman and the staff of the National Fisheries Research and 

 Development Laboratory, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, supported the project 

 and assisted in preparation of the manuscript. 



We greatly appreciate review comments contributed by federal, state, 

 university, and private people: James W. Avault; Jack D. Bayless; Claude 

 E. Boyd; Earnest L. Brannon; Carol M. Brown; Keen Buss; Harold E. Cal- 

 bert; James T. Davis; Bernard Dennison; Lauren R. Donaldson; Ronald 

 W. Goede; Delano R. Graff; William K. Hershberger; John G. Hnath; 

 Shyrl E. Hood; Donald Horak; Janice S. Hughes; William M. Lewis; 

 David O. Locke; Richard T. Lovell; J. Mayo Martin; Ronald D. Mayo; 



