FLOUNDERS OF GENUS PARALICHTHYS AND RELATED GENERA 287 



number of gill rakers 25 to 32, the greatest concentration of individuals at 28 to 29. Depth 37 to 43.5. 



California and west coast of lower California Paralichthys {Paralichlhi/s) californirus (p. 307) 



mm. Scales becoming cycloid with age (the change from ctenoid to cycloid scales taking place in fish between 

 160 and 220 mm.) Dorsal rays 75 to 85. .\nal rays 57 to 67. Total number of gill rakers 24 to 31, the 

 greatest concentration at 27 and 28. Depth 40 to 45. Gulf of California and west coast of Lower 



California Paralichthys (Paralichthys) aesltiarius (p. 310) 



ff. Scales without spinules at all ages subgenus Chaenopselta (p. 312) 



n. Gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch 13 or more (except woolmani from the Pacific occasionally having 12 or 11). 



o. Anal rays 54 to 60. Dorsal rays 68 to 8 1 . Total number of gill rakers 17 to 21 in nearly all specimens, varying 



16 to 22. 



p. Head 29.5 to 31.4: maxillary 14.2 to 15.3: depth 44.6 to 48.7 (in 4 specimens 143 to 195 mm.). Pectoral rays 



predominantly 12, often 11: pectoral of eyed side usually reaching lateral line. Origin of dorsal usually over 



anterior margin of eye in medium-sized specimens. Pacific cosmt. Paralichthys (Chaenopselta) woolmani (p. 312) 



pp. Head 27.2 to 28.7; maxillary 12.9 to 14.2; depth 39.8 to 45.6 (in 15 specimens 131 to 214 mm.). Pectoral 



rays predominantly 11, sometimes 10 on one or both sides; pectoral of eyed side usually falling short of lateral 



line. Origin of dorsal in medium-sized as well as large fish more or less in front of anterior margin of eye. 



Atlantic coast of South .\merica Paralichthys (Chaenopselta) brasiliensis (p. 314) 



OO. .\nal rays 61 to 73. Dorsal rays 80 to 96. Total nvimhor of gill rakers nearly always 20 to 24, varying 16 

 to 24. Pectoral rays predominantly 12. Atlantic coast of the United States. 



Paralichthys (Chaenopselta) dentatus (p. 316) 

 nn. Ciill rakers on lower limb not more than 12. Atlantic. 



q. Scales in not more than 60 rows over straight part of lateral line. Anal rays not more than 63. 



r. Pectoral rays predominantly 11, varying 10 to 12. Ocellated spots pre-sent. East coast of United States. 



Paralichthys (Chaenopselta) alhigulla (p. 324) 



IT. Pectoral rays 10. No well-marked ocellated spots. Brazil Paralichthys (Chaenopselta) vorax (p. 327) 



qq. Scales usually in more than 60 rows; when less (in lelhostigma) anal rays nearly always 64 or more (63 in 2 



specimens of lelhostigma out of 153). 



8. Body moderately deep, not more than 43.8 in specimens 59 to 132 mm. (23 lelhostigma measured), not more 



than 46.7 in specimens 134 to 472 mm. (36 lelhostigma and 1 <ropi>»s measured). Entire number of gill rakers 



on first arch 10 to 13. Accessory scales in rather moderate numbeis or profuse. 



t. Anal rays 58. Dorsal rays 75. Vertebrae 10-1-26. Interorbital 2.2. Accessory scales profuse ( 1 specimen 



321 mm. studied). Trinidad Paralichthys (Chaenopxelta) tropicus (p. 327) 



tt. Anal rays 63 to 77. Dorsal ra.vs 80 to 95. Vertebrae 10 to 11-1-27 (in 2 specimens). Interorbital 3.4 to 

 4.1 (in 8 specimens 310-383 mm.). Accessory scales usually in moderate numbers. East coast of United 



States Paralichthys (Chaennpsetla) lelhostigma (p. 328) 



ss. Body notably deep, 46.6 to 52.3 in specimens 96 to 120 mm. (7 measured): 49.7-52.1 in specimens 333 to 

 370 mm. (4 measured). Entire number of gill rakers 13 to 16. Accessory scales very few. .\nal rays 59 

 to 64. Dorsal rays 76 to 82. Vertebrae 10-|-28 (in 1 specimen). East coast of United States. 



Paralichthys (Chaenopsetla) squamilentiis (p. 332) 



HIPPOGLOSSINA dorsal orifjin and in the size of the eye and the teeth, 



This genus is distinguished from Paralichthys ^'^^ subgenus Lioglossina is ratlier intermediate 



(for definition see p. 300) and Pseudorhomhus between ParoZ/c/^^/iy..' and the typical subgenus of 



chiefly bv the following combination of characters. Hippoglossina. One or two species of Pamllch- 



Accessory scales absent. Origin of dorsal on space ^^'y" ^^'•'^^^ * backward insertion of the dorsal 



over pupil. Interorbital reduced to a mere ridge in (P- '^"^1 ) • ^ne species, coeruleostwta (p. 335) , ap- 



large as well as in small specimens. Eve large. parently shows a combination of a ninnber of 



Teeth small. Scales either ctenoid on both sides fb^racters common to both genera. However, the 



or cycloid on both sides. Accessory branch of contained species apparently form, on the whole, 



lateral line rather poorly developed, not reaching ^^^o f=''i'b' distinct though not sharply divergent 



donsal profile. Prepedimcuiar spot obsolescent; gr()U])s. But, if the two groups of species are rec- 



most prominent spots 4 or 6, depending on the ognized as distinct genera, ohlon^a which has been 



subgenus, in two longitudinal rows. Tliis genus placed in Parallrhthi/s by all recent authors must 



is divisible into two subgenera. be jilaced in Hippoc/loss'nia. 



The boundary between Hipipoglossina and III/>/>(>(/h)ssi/ia\iieven\\ei\n'v to Pseudo7-ho>nitis, 



ParaJichtlnix is not sliarp. The accessory scales both genera agreeing in I lie al)sence of accessory 



are sparse in some species of ParaZzcA^Ays. In the scales. They differ slightly in the origin of the 



