FLOUNDERS OF GENUS PARALICHTHYS AND RELATED GENERA 



291 



preceding: Albatross Station l'070; lat. 34°20'20" 

 X. lonnr. 119°37'30" W: 2!) fathoms; Feb. 11, 1889 

 (■16420). Off Avalon. Dakins Cove, Santa Cata- 

 lina I., Calif.. Albatross Stations 3662 and 3663; 

 47 fathoms. April 8, 1897 (77967). San Pedro 

 Channel, Calif.; Albatross Station 2939; lat. 

 33°36' N. long. 119°09'30" W; 27 fathoms; Feb. 

 5, 1889 (46331; 46344). San Diego. Calif.; Al- 

 batross, 1897-8 (59545). Off Point Loma, San 

 Diego. Calif.; in deep water; Nov. 7, 1889 (41905; 

 tlie lectotype). Oft' the southern boundary of 

 California : Albatross Station 2934; lat. 32°33'30" 

 X. long. 117°16' W: 36 fathoms; Jan. 26. 1889 

 (46421). Oft" Baliia de Ballenas, Lower Califor- 

 nia; Albatross Station 3044; lat. 26°16'15" N, 

 long. 113°42'15" W: 58 fathoms; Apr. 10. 1889 

 (46419): Albatross Station 3039; lat. 24°27' N. 

 long. 111°59' W; 47 fathoms; April 8, 1889. Off 

 Cape Tepoca. Gulf of California; Albatross Sta- 

 tion 3018; lat. 30° 16' X. long. 113°05' W; 36 fath- 

 oms; Mar. 24, 1889 (46342). Total number of 

 specimens studied 16, 54 to 332 mm. 



(rcographic and vertical distrihvtion. — The geo- 

 graphic range of the species as established by the 

 material examined extends from off Santa Bar- 

 bara. Calif., to near the northern end of the Gulf 

 of California ; the range in depth being 21 to 58 

 fathoms. The record by Starks and Morris car- 

 ries the distribution northward to Point Concep- 

 tion. Calif. Gilbert (1915) records a depth of 74 

 fathoms. 



Size. — The lai-gest specimen examined 334 mm. 

 (13 inches), 275 mm. without the caudal, stands 

 for the present as the record size of the species. 



Distinctive characters and relationship. — This 

 species differs from boUniani chiefly in the number 

 of gill rakers, the total number on the first gill arch 

 being 15 to 21 in stomctta and 11 to 13 in boUmani; 

 although it is possible that when larger series are 

 counted the two species may be found to approach 

 one another in that character or even to intergrade. 

 It usually has more numerous scales on the maxil- 

 lary than bollmani, and these scales are ctenoid in- 

 stead of being cycloid as in that species. Most 

 s2)ecimens of medium size may be distinguished by 

 the extent of the ctenoid scales usually extending 

 forward to the posterior end of the arch in the 

 lateral line in stomata. and usually nearly to the 

 gill opening in bolJiiKini. but sometimes individual 

 fish cannot be distinguished on that basis. Other 



impoitant diffei-ences are found in stomata hav- 

 ing, on the average, more numerous dorsal and 

 anal rays, a deeper body and longer maxillary 

 than bo/hnani, but there is considerable inter- 

 gradations in those characters, although the two 

 species will no doubt prove to have distinct modes 

 even after much greater numbers are studied. 

 This species is evidently more closely related to 

 mystacium than to bollmani, as far as shown by 

 the structui-al characters. The relation of stomata 

 to mystacium and to macrops is discussed under 

 the accounts of the latter two species. 



Hipiiof/Iossina stniixitu Eicr.xMANN, Proc. California 

 Acad. Sei. (2) 3: 22, l.y.)3 (off San Diego. Calif.; in deep 

 water). — .Jordan and Evekmanx, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns. 

 47 (3) :2620, 1898 (after Eifrenmann).— Gilbert, Kept. 

 U. S. Comm. Fish. 1S98:2S. Is'.m (off fatalina Island. 

 • 'alif. ; 47 fathoms). — Starks and Morbis, Pub. Univ. 

 California (Zool.) 3: 242, 1!K)7 (nff s..utl]i'iM part of 

 Lower California, north to Point Conofption j. — Metz, 

 First Ann. Kept. Lagiina Lab., p. 60, 1912 ( Newport, Calif. : 

 reeiirded under Hi/ipof/lossoiiles). — Gilbert, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus. 48: 377, 1015 (Point Conception to Ballenas 

 Bay ; 21—74 fathoms ) .— Hubbs, Pub. Univ. Calif. ( Zool. ) 

 16: 168, 1916 (San Die^io Market).— Starks, California 

 Fish and Game 4: 16S, fig. S7, 1918 (brief general ac- 

 count). — Ulrett and Greeley, Bull. Southern California 

 Acad. Sci. 28 (1) : 20, 1928 (Catalina I., Long Beach, 

 Newport, Point Firmin, Venice, San 1 >iego, all localities in 

 California). — Norman, Monogr. Flatfishes, p. 66, fig. 34, 

 1934 (reviewed). 



HippogTossinn boUmani Hiyama, Marine Fishes of the 

 Pacific coast of Mexico, edited by T. Kuiuada, p. .")9, pL 92, 

 fig. A. 1937 (Mexico, no delinite locality given: the inade- 

 qu.ite account agrees most nearly with stomuta and is 

 probably based on specimens of this species). 



HIPPOGLOSSINA MACROPS 



This species was described from Mazatlan, the 

 Pacihc Coast of Mexico, based on specimens "11- 

 12 Zoll" long. The most essential characters as 

 stated in the original description are as follows; 

 Scales on ej'ed side of body all ctenoid, on blind 

 side ctenoid scales present only on postei'ior third, 

 about 52, A. 52. D. 66 to 67, P. 10-12. Dorsal 

 origin over middle of eye. The ligure shows a very 

 large eye and narrow interorbital. Teeth small. 

 Maxillary extending to a vertical slightly behind 

 middle of eye. Depth 43 to 45 ; head 33 or a little 

 shorter; maxillary 13. Steindachner's ligure 

 shows a dextral flounder, but some statements in 

 the original description are evidently based on 

 a sinistral fish. 



