314 



FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



PitrdlirhthjiK adxjtrr.tuif Jordan anil Evermann (in 

 part). Bull. U. S. Xat. ilus. 47 (3): i;6-'7, 1808 (siieci- 

 nu'ns from Mazatlan and La Paz reffr to this species). 



Paralirhthys ivoolimini Jordan and Evebmann, iliiil., 

 p. 262S ( redescriiition of t.vpe). 



Pfinilichtliiis sifuiUxie Jordan and Abbott, ibid., p. 2872 

 (Mazatliin ami La Paz, Mexico). 



Paniliclitli!i--i iroolmnni (Iilbert and Starks. Mem. Cali- 

 fornia Acad. Sci. 4: 107, l'.>04 (Panama). 



Parnlichthj/s adsi)rrsiis Thompson ( in part). Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus. 50: 411, 1!)16 (Mazatlan, Mexico). 



PfinilicJitlnis iroolwnni Evermann and Radcliffe, Bull. 

 V. S. Nat. Mus. 95: 140, 11)17 (Paita, Peru).— Meek and 

 Hildebrand, Pu1>1. Field JIns. Nat. Hi.st. Chicago (zool. 

 ser.) 15 (.'!) : 974, 1928 (Chame Point, Taboga I. and 

 Panama City market, Panama). 



Paralirlithijs siiKiloae Jordan and others. Kept. U. S. 

 Comm. Fish., 192S (2) : 224, 1930 (listed). 



ParaUchtlnjs icoolmani Jordan and others, ibid, 

 (listed).— Norman, Monogr. Flatfi.shes, p. 80, fig. .".1, 19:!4 

 (La Pjiz, Mexico; Panama). — Breder, Bull. Bingliam 

 Ocean, Coll. 2 (3) : 4, 1930 (Perlas Is., Panama Ba.v ) . 



Paralirhthys ailxiiri-Kiis Hivama, Marine fishes of the 

 Pacific Coast of Mexico, edited by T. Kumada, p. 08, 

 colored plate 43, 1937 (Mexico). 



PARALICHTHYS BRASILIENSIS 



Diagnosh. — Settles cycloid on l)oth sides at all 

 ages; fi2 to 72. (Posterior end of curve in lateral 

 line often not continued rather abruptly into 

 straight horizontal part, as in related species, but 

 somewhat gradually merging with straight part 

 along a short rather oblique line.) Accessory 

 scales present, usually in somewhat larger num- 

 bers on blind side, comparatively not numerous 

 on both .sides, jtresent in specimens as small as 131 

 mm. (the smallest examined), sometimes .still tib- 

 sent in specimens as large as 155 mm. Total num- 

 ber of gill rakers, on first arch 18 to 22; 4 or 5, 

 sometimes 3, on upper limb; 14 to 17 on lower 

 limb. Anal rays 54 to 60; dorsal rays 68 to 78. 

 Pectoral rays 11 in most fish, sometimes 10 on one 

 or both sides (11 on both sides in 10 specimens; 

 10 on both sides in 3; 10 on blind side and 11 on 

 the other in 2 ; 10 on eyed side and 11 on the other 

 ill 2). (Vertebrae 11 + 23 according to Thompson 

 1916). Origin of dorsal more or less in front of 

 anterior margin of eye in specimens 131 mm. or 

 longer. Maxillary about reaching a vertical 

 through posterior margin of orbit in specimens 

 131 to 214 mm., .somewhat past eye in larger fish. 

 Head and maxillary rather short. Body of me- 

 dium depth. Sinistral. 



Color. — More or less mottled with shadings of 

 various intensity: traces of white rather dilfttse 

 spots at bases of dorsal and anal in some speci- 

 mens. No evidence of ocellated spots in the speci- 

 mens examined, but probably more or less faded 

 from long immersion in preservative. The figure 

 published by McDonagh of a young specimen 

 shows some ocellated spots. (The prepeduncular 

 spot appears to be doitbled in his figured speci- 

 men.) 



Specimens examined and geographic disinhu- 

 tion. — Rio de Janeiro; U. S. Exploring Expedi- 

 tion (83404 and 83399, the type and paratype, 

 respectively of Xystreitrys ribeiroi) . Montevideo, 

 Uruguay; Albatross (77388). Buenos Aires, Ar- 

 gentina; Albatross (77389). Mar del Plata at 

 Necochea, Argentina, Dr. T. L. Marini. Total 

 number of specimens studied 17, 131 to 477 mm., 

 (he localities ranging from Rio de Janeiro to 

 Mur del Plata. The northernmost record in the 

 literature is also Rio de Janeiro; the southernmost 

 record is that by McDonagh. namely, San Bias, 

 Argentina. 



Distinctive characters and relationship. — As 

 compared with related species which are known 

 at or near its range, hruMiUeivs-is may be distin- 

 guished from Pscudorhomibus isosceles and Para- 

 lichthys patagomcus by its cycloid scales. Two 

 species occurring through or near its range belong 

 to the subgenus Chaenopsetta and also have cy- 

 cloid scales, namely. fropieU'S and vorax, from 

 both of which the juesent species nitty be distin- 

 guished by the greater number of gill rakers, and 

 from vorax it may be distingttished also by its 

 smaller scales. In the possession of cycloid scales 

 it agrees with 4 species from the east coast of the 

 United States. As compared with the latter it 

 may be .septttated from (Jcntufvs by the lesser 

 number of fin rays, from alblgiitta by the more 

 numerous gill rttkers and scales, from lethostigma 

 by havitig fewer fin rays and more gill rakers, 

 and from squandlentvfi by the more numerous gill 

 rakers and more slender body. 



The relationship of htutiHiensis^ as far as niiiy 

 be judged by the characters studied, is evidently 

 nearest to woolmani from the Pacific coast. The 

 two species differ in the frequency distributions 

 of a number of characters, such as the number of 

 rays in the pectoral fin and its length, the number 

 of gill rakers, the i-elative measurement of the 



