316 



FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



Jordan and Goss, before the appearance of 

 Norman's monograph, have used the name 

 brasiliensis to desisnate it. That name ap- 

 parently was generally applied to this species, 

 although in some cases accounts of "brasiliensis" 

 may refer partly or wholly to other species as well. 

 Probabilities and general usage, therefore, favor 

 the use of the name bra-s-niens/.s for this species, 

 and this course is adopted here. If the type of 

 hrasiUensis is still in existence and in good enough 

 condition for study this question may be settled 

 with finality by its examination, at least as far 

 as the use of that name is concerned. 



The type and paratype of Xyfitreiirys rihelroi 

 Fowler and Bean were examined and proved to 

 be specimens of the common species here described. 



Attention may also be called here to the use of 

 the name hra-'i/'J/ens/s- by ^Miranda Rilieiro (Arch. 

 Mus. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 17, 1915). That author 

 describes his brasiliensis as having ctenoid scales, 

 5 gill rakers on the upper limb and 10 to 15 on the 

 lower. This combination of characters does not 

 agree with any species studied by me. Ribeiro's 

 material either represents a new species, or it 

 consists of a comjDOsite of more than one species. 



Bippofllnssus braKHicnsia Ranzaxi, Niiov. Anal. Sci. 

 Nat. Bologna 3: 290. 1840 (P.razil; nomen nudum). — 

 Nov. (Vinim. Acad. Si'i Inst. Bon(]n. 5: 10, pi. :>, 1x42 

 (Brazil ). 



Paraliclitliys brn-iiJicnxis .Jordan and Gos.s, Kept. U. S. 

 Comm. Fish. ISSO : 24(), ISS'J ( liio de Janeiro, Urazil; 

 Maidon;i(lo. Uruguay) . 



PseHdorhoiiibiis ilrntaiiix Pert'gia, An. Mus. Civ. Genova 

 (2) 10: 629, 1891 (Montevideo). 



Paraliclitliys brasiliensis Berg, An. llus. Nac. Buenos 

 Aires 4: 77, 1895 (Bahia Blanca and Mar del Plata. 

 Argentina; Montevideo and Maldonado, Uruguay; giil 

 raker count agrees with tiiis siie<'jes but scale count more 

 like in rorax). — .Iordan and Evf.k\[a.\x. Bull. V. S. Nat. 

 Mus. 47 (.■?) : 2620, ISOS (Rio <le .laneiro; Maldonado).— 

 Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 50: 411, 1916 (Monte- 

 video; Buenos Aires). 



Xustreiirys rihelroi Fowler and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus. 63 (19) :26, 192.3 (Uio de Janeiro ; type reexamined) . 



Pai alichthjis brasiliensis De^'i.ncenzi, An. Mus. Nac. 

 Montevideo (2) 5: 2~s. 1924 (Uruguay; scale count more 

 like that in vorax). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliil- 

 adelphia 78: 27.S. 1926 (Buenos Aires ).~Marini, Rev. 

 See. Argentina Cienc. Nat. 9: 454, 1929 (Puerto Quequen, 

 .\rgentina). 



Parnlielithys orbirmyann Norman, Mouogr. Flatfishes, 

 p. 71. figs. ?,H and :',Sa. 19:'.4 (Ri(j de Janeiro; Kiu Grande 

 do Sul : Montevideo; Bahia Blanca). 



Piiralii-hthits brasiliensis MacDonagh. Rev. Mus. La 

 Plata 34: .52, p!. 5. 1934 (Atalaya, Costa Sur, Mar Clii- 

 quita, Bahia Blanca and San Bias. Argentina). — Gins- 

 burg, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 26: 132, 1936 (nomen- 

 clature di.scussed). 



PARALICHTHYS DENTATUS 

 Summer flounder 



(PLATE 12) 



Common names. — Like other fishes this species 

 is known by a number of common names. The 

 early settlers, familiar with the common plaice 

 of English waters, applied this name to the species. 

 Thus, at about the middle of the eighteenth cen- 

 tury, Dr. Garden who sent a specimen of the fish 

 to Linnaeus used the name "plaise" to designate 

 it, and that name is still in use in some sections. 

 On the coa.st of New Jersey some fishermen call 

 it splaice (Smith 180-1) an evident variant of 

 plaice. During the middle of the last century an 

 attempt was made to introduce the name turbot 

 for this fish on the Boston market in order to find 

 a ready sale for it under that name which is used 

 in England to designate another species of flatfish 

 that is well esteemed. On Long Island it is gen- 

 erally called fluke, and this name is used by fisher- 

 men and especially by sportsmen in other sections 

 also, but the same name is sometimes applied to 

 other species of flatfishes. The name ''summei- 

 flounder" is commonly used by fishermen in the 

 more northern ]>art of its range, because this is 

 the common commercial flounder taken during the 

 summer, as opposed to PseudopleMTonectes ameri- 

 caniis. the common commei'cial species caught dur- 

 ine: the winter in the same region. The name 

 "summer flounder" is most frequently used by 

 writers and is here adopted as the uniform com- 

 mon name of the species. A summary of the other 

 conniion names as compiled from the literature, 

 and the locality in whicli the names are used, 

 follows. 



Summer flounder (New Jersey; New York; 

 Rhode Island). Fluke (New York). Plaice 

 (New York; ^lass. ). Chicken halibut (by some 

 fishermen and dealers being either mistakenly or 

 purposefully regarded as the young of the hali- 

 but which it resembles). Brail (Rhode Island). 

 Puckermouth (Rhode Island). Turbot (Mass.). 

 Flatfish (Long Island, New York; Chesapeake 

 Bay; also generally applied). Flounder is ap- 

 plied throughout its range by many people who 

 do not distinguish the different species of flat- 



