32 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



mences. You can draw out your hose from the bottom of the lake from 

 time to time, examine and cleanse the wire screen just below the surface 

 of the water and let it down into the bottom again. This is so conve- 

 nient. 



Sometimes the crawfish will give you an exit and save you the trou- 

 ble of emptying your lake. The crawfish always begins to pierce the 

 dam an inch below the surface of the water above. Then he descends 

 in a devious way to the other side. He soon makes a spring. If that 

 crawfish had to pass through a bed of loose, wet sand he would never 

 make it. Guard his entrance, determined by the above natural instinct, 

 with a layer of six or eight inches of sand and he will not turn off the 

 lake any more. The sand falls in faster than he gets it out. You have 

 beat him. 



Never plant a deciduous tree, nor let one stand inside of the lake in- 

 closure. Every leaf will tumble before the wind, and rests not until 

 it sinks to the bottom of the water. This will render the bottom of the 

 lake filthy and the water impure. Evergreen trees will not do this. 

 Their needle-shaped leaves behave themselves, and lie under their own 

 trees to decay. Almost every lake which lies in a hollow or ravine has 

 a considerable watershed above. The water collected by this wide table 

 of land must be turned around the lake and emptied into the ravine be- 

 low. In order to do this it is not absolutely necessary to make one large 

 ditch on both sides of the lake. A large ditch begun above, by running 

 across the ravine obliquely at the head of the lake and continued to an 

 exit below, is sufficient to discharge the floods that come from hills or 

 fields above. It is desirable to have one side of the lake accessible by 

 an easy descent through a floral garden or undulating lawn. The water 

 which runs into the lake on the other side may be turned away by a few 

 furrows nicely engineered along the hillsides, so as to empty below the 

 lake also. These striations can be worked into the general design for 

 effect. 



RESULT OF PLANTING SHAD IN THE MUSKINGUM RIVER. 



By CHAS. W. SMItEY. 



Young shad were planted by the United States Fish Commission in 

 the Muskingum river at Bayard, Ohio, in 1875, and at Zanesville in 187G. 

 Mr. Ci. H. H. Moore, a messenger of the Fish Commission, reported May 

 2G, 1882, that while on a trip with fish to the Ohio river he was informed 

 that fifty white shad had lately been taken at the State dam near New 

 Philadelphia, Ohio, from the Tuscarawas river, which is a tributary of 

 tliQ Muskingum. 



