BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 81 



grandis, which was destroying the fish by piercing its head. There were 

 some samples of canned fish from the United States, exhibited by im- 

 porters, among collections showing their imports from different countries. 

 Models of California salmon-breeding trays with catch-box were exhib- 

 ited by Max von dem Borne, of Berneuchen, Custin, Prussia. He was 

 awarded a silver medal for the deep and for the plain California trough. 

 A collection of very handsome, large, colored illustrations of the game 

 water fowls and game fishes of America were exhibited by Professor 

 Archer, director of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art. A 

 series of large, handsome photographs of American salmon were exhib- 

 ited by John Clark, of Glasgow, Scotland, for which he was awarded a 

 diploma. A plaster cast of an American black bass was exhibited from 

 tire collection of the late Frank Buckland. 



The most extensive contribution to the exhibition was the Swedish 

 collection, comprising preparations from the Gotenborg Museum, show- 

 ing all the stages of development of fish and their condition at differ- 

 ent periods of life, a large number of scientific specimens and curiosities 

 obtained in the Arctic voyage of Professor Nordenskjold in the Vega, 

 and a great variety of products of the fishing industry of Sweden. In 

 the department of the history of fishing there was an interesting collec- 

 tion of fishing implements found in the Swiss lake dwellings, which 

 were sent by the Society of Antiquaries of Zurich. In the loan collec- 

 tion were a great many very fine specimens of stuffed fishes and aquatic 

 birds and casts of fishes, the largest display being from the museum of 

 the late Frank Buckland, at London. There was a good display, more 

 than one hundred exhibits, of cured, packed, and preserved fish, princi- 

 pally from Scotland, but a large proportion from Norway. 



A prominent feature was the exhibition of boats and implements used 

 in fishing, including a number of models of boats of various classes, 

 especially those adapted to herring fishing. The frequent losses of life 

 that have occurred by the destruction of fishing boats off Scotland and 

 neighboring coasts have made the substitution of safer vessels than 

 those now in use of great importance, and the increased profits result- 

 ing from the use of steam trawlers has made the substitution of steam 

 for sails on fishing craft generally a question of much practical interest 

 Pisciculture has not received the attention in Scotland that might be 

 expected from the importance here of the subject, but interesting dis- 

 plays of hatching and feeding apparatus were made from the hatcheries 

 of Byram Littlewood, of Huddersfield, England; Sir James Gibson 

 Maitland, of Stirling, Scotland, and Joseph J. Armistead, of Dumfries, 

 Scotland. Mr. Littlewood also exhibited oysters produced by artificial 

 contact of the sperm and ova in artificial sea water by a process of his 

 invention. He claims that, while an American' experimenter has suc- 

 ceeded in hatching the oyster, no one but himself has succeeded as yet 

 in growing it beyond one of the earliest stages of development. He 

 showed living specimens which he had kept in continuous growth from 

 three to five months, which is as long as he has been experimenting in 

 Bull. U. S. F. C, 82 6 Oct. 6, 1 8 82. 



