( 247 ) 



of M^, interspace between the two lines of bars coloured as on forewing; discal band 

 as above ; discal bars Inuiform, nearly always well separated from band by rnfoas 

 cbestniTt interspaces, bordered distally by silvery white thin lines, of which the last 

 ones are more or less bluisli, follnwcd by a complete series of rufous red or dark 

 rnfous, more or less luniform spots ; of these spots the njjpermost is oblique, wider 

 in front than behind, the third is thin, the fourth often replaced by black, ail (except 

 the second) bordered distally by the black, postdiscal, luniform bars ; submarginal 

 white spots rather ill-defined, followed distally by black transverse submarginal 

 spots, which are separated by thin white lines from the ochraceous admargiual bars, 

 anal admargiual bar generally paler yellow than the others ; cellule SC- — R' at 

 outside of rufous red luniform spot more or less scaled white ; base of wing and 

 abdominal fold up to (SM') pale viuaceons Isabella colour, submarginal area pale 

 olivaceous ; tails with metallic plumbeous scaling, similar scaling at the black 

 submarginal spots. 



Tenth tergite rounded triangular, pointed in middle. 



?. Similar to t?, larger, wings broader, forewing less falcate, hindwing less 

 triangular, tails broader. 



llah. From Ceylon, N.W. India and S. China, to the Pbilippiues and Timor, in 

 a number of geograi>hical forms. 



Piepers, Tijdsclir. r. Ent. XXI. p. 11. n. 38 (1878), records atliamas also from 

 Alloe, Bouthain, South Celebes. 



The larva and i)upa are described and figured of the races from South India 

 and Ceylon, and Java. 



The species exhibits considerable seasonal variation, especially iu South and 

 North India ; for we find that the specimens obtaiued in March and April in North 

 and North-West India have the discal band much widened and the underside pale, 

 while the individuals flying in May and June have the band narrower, and those 

 found in Sikkim from August to November have it narrowest. In South India there 

 are two well distinguished forms, the one corresponding to the spring form of North 

 India, but with the band less broad, and representing most likely the dry season 

 brood, respectively a form that inhabits dry districts, and the second having the 

 band narrower and the underside brighter in tint. In Burmah broad-banded, pale, 

 specimens occur also, besides narrow-banded ones. The Sumatran specimens we 

 have seen were all narrow-banded, and we have also not met with a broad-banded 

 individual from Borneo, though we have no doubt that there occur, in the latter 

 locality, examples that correspond in tint and pattern to the pale brood of South 

 India. The ordinary Java afk/'mas are pale, but on Mt. Arjuno occur examples that 

 are much brighter in colour, resembling Borneo individuals. The races from the 

 lesser Sunda Islands, Lombok to Timor, are apparently mouomoriihic ; the examples 

 are similar to the ordinary Java form, but the underside is often brighter. The 

 wings are in the pale form longer than in the narrow-banded form, in all localities. 



The differences exliibited by the pale and the narrow-banded forms have often 

 been treated as being of specific value : for instance, the pale South Indian form has 

 been described as E. ugrarius, while the darker form is referred to as E. samatha, 

 the North Indian spring form has been designated as E. hamasta, the form flying 

 from May tf) June as E, bharata, and the summer form as E. athunias. 



As the species is so susceptible to climatical diflerenccs, it is self-evident that 

 the individuals caught in the same month at the same locality, but in different years, 

 are not always identical in the width of the band, and that, further, in different 



