( 2o5 ) 



North Indian summer broods (f. tumi). af/mma.s) ; the Boruean individuals approach, 

 however, in this respect the wider-bauded f. temp, bharata. The Siimatran 

 individuals are, on the whole, somcwliat different from the Bornean ones ; bnt as we 

 have only one sex (S c?) for comparison, we do not think it advisable, for the present, 

 to treat them nnder two snbspecifio names, but shall describe their characters 

 separately. The Bornean race is the more differing of the two when cotupared 

 with continental individuals. 



Distance of tip of ujiper tail from a line connecting tip of R- with the angle 

 formed by the second tail and the anal edge of the wing larger than the distance of 

 the tip of the second tail from tliis line ; in f. temp, aihamiis the reverse is the case. 

 Cell of forewing below with one dot, the second very seldom visible, and then 

 e.xtremely small. 



Discal band in Sumatra specimens widest beyond SM- on forewing, 8 — 9 mm., 

 the last partition convex outwardly, more extended distal than jjartitiou M- — SBI- ; 

 submarginal spot SC" — R' mostly absent, bnt sometimes clearly marked, though 

 small. Submarginal white spots of hindwiug well marked, somewhat larger than in 

 the ordinary individuals of f. temp, athamas ; admarginal spots very obscure or 

 absent, anal one pale. Ou the underside the red postdiscal spot G — SC- compara- 

 tively larger than in North Indian individuals, less half-moon shaped, more 

 obliquely ovate, heavily bordered with black, spot R- — R' generally replaced by 

 black ; median bar M- — (SM'), bordering the last partition of the discal band 

 proximally, absent from most specimens. 



Length of forewing : 28 — 32 mm. 



The Bornean specimens are mostly somewhat larger than the Sumatran ones, 

 the forewing varying in our examples from 30 — 35 mm. Band in front of SM- of 

 forewing one-third wider than the black basal area at this vein, 9 — 10 mm. broad ; 

 discal spot R^ — R^ obviously smaller than in North Indian specimens with the baud 



of the same width ; submarginal spot SC^ — W very rarely indicated. Hindwiug: 



somewhat less triangular than in f. temp, hkarata and most f temp, athamas ; tails 

 often very short, the upper one mostly very broad at base ; submarginal and 

 admarginal spots as in Sum.itrau individuals. On the underside sometimes both 

 spots in cell of forewing obliterated ; red postdiscal spot (J —SO- of hindwing more 

 often obliquely luniform than in Sumatran examples. 



Our single examjile from Bunguran, Natuna Islands, is in a bad state of 

 preservation ; it agrees in the width of tlie band with the Bornean individuals. 



Ilah. .Sumatra, 17 c?c? : Deli, Battak Mts., Palembaug ; Fort de Kock and 

 Setinjak, West Sumatra. Borneo, 13 S S : Lawas, February (A. Everett), Mt. 

 Dulit, February, March (Hose), Mt. Mulu, November, December (Hose), j\It. Kina 

 Balu, Baram R., October (Everett), Pengaroean (S.E. Borneo) : Bunguran, Natuna 

 Islands, September to October 1894 (Hose), 1 c?. 



Martin, I.e., says that athamas is without doubt tlio commonest of all tlie 

 "Charaxes" in Deli, occurring from near the sea to Bekantschau and Soengei Batoe ; 

 females are very rare. The males are very fond of moist places and faeces, to which 

 they will always return after being disturbed ; when frightened they retire tem- 

 porarily to the leaves of the higher trees well out of reach, and settle with folded 

 wings. On the wing they are not easily differentiated from the Pierinae, only their 

 flight is very much stronger and more rapid. Dr. Martin's collectors did not obtain 

 females, according to the material in Dr. Martin's collection. Occurs at Selesseh all 

 the year round according to the dated specimens obtained by Dr. Martin. 



