( 241 ) 



heracles than are the average examples of Malaccan moori moori. We received that 

 Snmatran examjile through the kiudness of Herr Frnhstovfer ; the specimen is 

 marked and hibelled in Kiiber's handwriting '^ heracles spec, ti/pe " (!), though Herr 

 Rober, when describing heracles in 1894, had only Bornean specimens. The 

 strange labelling of that specimen misled Herr Fruhstorfer in 1898 to restrict the 

 name of heracles to individuals of E. moori from Sumatra and Singapore, and to 

 treat the Borneau examples of A', moori as E. attains m.oori and E. attalus javanas. 

 According to Herr Fruhstorfer there occur in South Borneo two subspecies of 

 moori ; Herr Rciber records also moori moori from South Borneo, and describes, 

 besides, moori heracles from the same country, so that we have the strange 

 phenomenon that three subspecies, = geographical (!) races, of one insect occur 

 together. The solution of the riddle shows that there is, in fact, no contradiction in 

 terms ; for there are, as regards the countries in question, only two fairly well 

 distinguishable " geographical " forms, as pointed out above, namely, those inhabiting 

 Sumatra and Borneo respectively, while the individuals from the Malay Peninsula 

 and Java partly agree with the Sumatran specimens, and partly approach, or are 

 identical with, the least deviating Bornean examples. AVe have here a complete 

 bridge from one extreme (race of Sumatra) to the other (race of Borneo) ; unfortu- 

 nately not the two extremes have been named, but the one extreme (Bornean race) 

 and individuals from the countries (Malay Peninsula and Java) where the specimens 

 vary from one extreme (Sumatra race) to the lower limit of variation of the other 

 extreme (Borneo race). As, further, these " intermediate " moori from Java are 

 not different from those from the Malay Peninsula, the name moori jacanus 

 designates the same as moori moori, hence we have in South Borneo only moori 

 moori (according to Rober and Fruhstorfer) and moori heracles ; however, what 

 Messrs. Hiiber and Fruhstorfer call /noori moori are most likely those specimens of 

 moori heracles in which the admarginal spots of the hindwing above are jiartly 

 joined to the white discal area. This character is very variable individually, and 

 cannot serve to characterise two subspecies of E. moori. As regards those Bornean 

 individuals which exhibit the lower limit of the variation of the distinguishing 

 character, having the black apical area of the upperside of the hindwing only 

 9i mm. wide behind SC-, it is quite wrong to designate them as m^ori moori, a 

 question which will more fully be dealt with in the appendix to this monograph. 

 In order to avoid having to allude to the same matter again under E. hebe, we 

 mention here that the nomenclature of the various races not only of E. moori, but 

 also of E. hebe, as given by Herr Fruhstorfer in Ent. Nachr. XXIV. p. 56 (1898), 

 is monstrous ; Herr Fruhstorfer records, for instance, from Singapore Eulepis 

 attalus plautus, E. attains chersonesus, and E. attalus heracles, treating all the 

 forms of E. moori and E. hebe as subspecies of one species E. attains. 



Though Messrs. Rober and Fruhstorfer have somewhat complicated the nomen- 

 clature of the insects in question by giving too many names, and ajjplyiug names 

 wrongly, one can easily recognise from their papers that they have studied these 

 insects more intensely than anybody before. 



c. E. moori kaba (Nov. Zool. VI. t. VII. f. 6, S). 



Cluiraxes kaba KheU, /i'/,.,y,. .Mas p. 27. t. :!. f. 19 (,T884) (Nia-s) ; Stiiud., Kvot. Tagf. p. 173 (188(5) 

 (Nias) ; Rober, Ent. Xaclir. xx. pp. -291. 292 (1894) (Nias) ; id. I.e. XXI. pp. 65. 67 (1896) 

 (Nias ?, not (j). 



Charaxes moorei, Butler, ./oiini. Linn. Soc. Lund. XXV. p. 38,'). n. 96 (1896) (sub syiion.). 



Eulejm attalus kaba, Fruhstorfer, Ent. Nachi: XXIV. p. 56 (1898) (Nias). 



