( 250 ) 



wing, arp ograrius. The larva and chrysalis are described br Moore, Lep. Ceylon 

 I. ]). 30 : " Larva elongated, thickened in th& middle, dark green ; head large, 

 ■wide, flattened, snrmounted by fonr sjiinons processes ; last segment with two short 

 naked points ; the segments with an obliqne yellowish-white stripe most prominent 

 on the seventh, ninth, and eleventh ; beneath these a lateral series of small white 

 spots. Fnpa cylindrical, back and thorax convex, head truncated, pointed in front ; 

 green, streaked with white. Feeds on Caesalpinia." 



Messrs. Davidson & Aitken, .Town. Bombay 2s. H. Soc. V. p. 277. n. 38 (1890), 

 after citing the above description of the larva, give the following acconnt of their 

 observations : " This is I\Ir. Moore's description and is good, but we have found 

 different specimens to vary very much in the distinctness and colour of the lateral 

 stripes ; they are always present, but sometimes very faint indeed. Another more 

 important point, which seems hitherto to have escaped notice, is that the last pair 

 of legs are almost obsolete, and are not used in walking. We found this from 

 June to October on the ' Goolmohr ' (^Foinciuna reqia), the 'Khairee' {Caf.mljJi'/iia 

 mimosiotdes), and several other trees. The larva, like those of most wary and 

 strong-winged butterflies, is very shy and cautious in its habits, feeding by night 

 and remaining motionless all day ; but it is much preyed on from the time it leaves 

 the egg, and only a small proportion seem to reach maturity. The pnpa is almost 

 oval, smooth, and without irregularities ; in colour green, with faint white lines 

 more or less distinct." 



The insects seem to be common in most districts, but we do not always know 

 which of the two forms is meant by the respective authors. 



Moore, Lep. Ceylon I. p. 30 (1881), says: ^^ Males most frequently found 

 perched high up on acacia-trees. Flight quick and strong. Common ( U fff/e)." 



Aitken, Journ. Bombay X. H. S. I. p. 133 (1886), remarks about athanms : 

 " This is common enough on the Ghiits, chiefly, I think, from December to March. 

 . . . They have a. penchant, for certain places. In the Society's collection there are 

 one or two old specimens of large size, with the apical spot which is wanting in the 

 smaller form." 



Davidson, Bell it Aitken, I.e. X. p. 258. u. 05 (1890), in their acconnt of the 

 North Canara butterflies, say that E. athumas "is found everywhere and at all 

 seasons ; the food plants are many — Poincianu, Caesalpinia, Grewia, etc." 



b. E. athamas athamas (Nov. Zool. V. t. X. f 1 to 5, 9, 10). 



Papilio Eques Achirus alluimtis Drury, III. Ex. Ins. p. 5. t. 2. f. 4. & Index (ITi.'i) (China) ; Cram., 



Pup. Ex. I. p. 140. t. 89. f. c. I). (177C0 (China). 

 Pupilio Eqiirs Arhirns jii/nim-i, Fabricius, .Synt. Ent. p. 449. n. 30 (177:'j) (pt.) ; Goeze, Enl. Biytr. 



III. 1. p. 78. n. 31 (1779) ; Fabr., Spec. Ins. p. 10. n. 41 (1781) (pt.) ; id., .Uanl. /«s. II. p. G. 



n. 45 (1787) (pt.) ; Gmclin, Si/st. Nat. I. 6. p. 2234. n. 2'. (1790) (pt.) ; Turton, Syst. of Xat. 



III. 2. p. 71 (1806). 

 Papilio Nijnijihilis jiijrrlius, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. fil. n. 192 (1793) (pt). 

 Papilio pyrrhus, Donovan, Ins. nf Ind. t. 29. f. 3 (18U0). 

 Eriboea atliamis, Hiibner, Vtrz. bck. Schinett. p. 47. n. 430 (1816). 

 Nymplialis athumas, Godart, Eric. MeHi. IX. p. 353. n. 11 (1823) (pt. ; China') ; Doubl., Westw. & 



Hew., Gen. Dium. Lep. II. p. 309. n. 29 (1850) (pt. ; E. India ; China) ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. 



Lep. E. I. C. I. p. 205. n. 4)7 (18.-,7) (pt. ; N. India) ; Lang, Enl. Mn. Marj. I. p. 181 (1864) 



(N.W. Indi.a, habits) ; Kirby, Cut. Dinrn. Lrp. p. 271. n. 43 (lH75)(pt.) ; Nicev., Jnurn. .is. 



Sue. Sen;/. I. p. 58. n. 38 (1881) (Runjit valley, common, October) ; Wood-Mas. & Nicev., I.e. 



p. 248 (1881) (Pt. Blair) ; Robbe, Ann. Soc. Ent. IMg. XXXVI. p. 129. n. 50 (1892) (Darjeeling). 



