262 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



Fig. i6. Gemellaria loricaia, small portion of colony to show manner of arrangement of the cells. 

 Fig. 17. Scruparia clavata, branch of colony to show arrangement of cells. 



17a. The same, mode of branching. 



17b. The same, dwarfed fertile cell with ovicell. 



17c. The same, detail of aperture. 

 Fig. 18. Caberea ellisii, portion of a branch, with ovicell, avicularia and vibraculum. 



i8a. The same, vibracula cell from the posterior side. 

 Fig. 19. Menipea iernaia, portion of colony with radical fiber. 

 Fig. 20. Scrupocellaria scabra, portion of branch, showing scute, ovicell, etc. 

 Fig. 2obis. CcUularia peachii, a single intemode. 

 Fig. 21. Biccllaria ciliata, portion of a branch. 



2ia. The same, detail of ooecium. 



2ib. The same, detail of avicularium. 

 Fig. 22. Bugula gracilis var. uncinaia, portion of a branch. 



22a. The same, at base of colony showing uncinate processes. 

 Fig. 23. Bugula turrita, portion of colony. 



23a. The same, details of the ovicell. 



23b. The same, showing manner of attachment and development of ovicell. 

 Fig. 27. Bugula avicularia, from an English specimen. 



PLATE XXII. 



Fig. 24. Bugula cucullifera, portion of a branch. 



24a. The same, side view of ovicell. 



24b. The same, avicularium. 



24c. The same, portion of a cell with elongate spines. 

 Fig. 25. Bugula flabellata, portion of a branch. 



25a. The same, details of ovicell. 



2sb. The same, avicularium. 

 Fig. 26. Bugula murrayana, portion of colony, showing both kinds ol avicularia. 



26a. The same, details of ovicell. 

 Fig. 28. Memhranipora lacroixii, portion of colony. 



28a. The same, drawn from a living cell. 



28b. The same, back or dorsal side of cell. 

 Fig. 29. Membranipora monostachys, portion of a colony, showing an abortive cell and a secondary 

 calcified lamina in some cells. 



29a. The same, a cell of the commoner many-spined form, enlarged. 



29b. The same, a cell of the one-spined, " monostachous " form, enlarged. 

 Fig. 30. Membranipora pilosa, portion of colony of the typical, long-spined form. 



30a. The same, the short-spined variety dentata of Solander. 



PL.^TE XXIII. 



Fig. 31. Membranipora lineata. arrangement of zooecia. 



31a. The same, details of avicularia and ovicell, more enlarged. 



31b. The same, side view of a cell. 



31C. The same, back of a zooecium showing details of pore chambers. 

 Fig. 32. Membranipora cralicula, arrangement of zooecia and spines. 



32a. The same, details of cell, ovicell, and avicularium, much enlarged. 



32b. The same, back of zooecium, showing details of pore chambers. 



