248 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



Zoarium encrusting on stones and shells. Zooecia flat above, with or without punctures when fully 

 calcified, the margin more or less sinuate, a row of marginal pores; in the younger cells the front is more 

 or less convex and rises rather suddenly to the rostrum, a row of large areolae about the margin with 

 strong ribs between them and running a short way inward, but this condition is usually soon lost by 

 calcification, primary orifice rounded in front, straight behind, with a broad tooth, secondary orifice 

 deep, the peristome rising high and evenly, inclosing the primary orifice and the rostrum, sometimes 

 raised on the side into a pair of blunt projections. Avicularium round. Ovicell globose, prominent 

 in the young stage but often much immersed in old colonies, much roughened by later calcification, 

 usually with a single median pore near the orifice. Some of our specimens seem to fall in the variety 

 belli (Dawson), pi. x, fig. 68, though they seldom present the finger-like projections at the side of the 

 orifice to as great an extent as more northern specimens. 



Not uncommon at Crab Ledge in 14 to 20 fathoms. Not previously recorded south of Canadian 

 waters. 



Porella acutirostris Smitt. [PI. xxvii, fig. 69, 69a.] 



Smitt 1867, p. 21. 

 Hincks 1889, p. 429. 

 Whiteaves 1901, p. 103. 



Zoarium encrusting on stones and shells, usually forming rounded colonies, often of great regularity. 

 Zooecia usually disposed regularly in radiating lines, convex above, smooth or granular, with a row of 

 areolae about the margin, primarj^ orifice round in front, straight posteriorly; peristome high and thin, 

 connected with but not inclosing the rostrum, running forward upon the ovicell to form a conspicuous 

 border on the front of it. Avicularium with a triangular mandible pointing upward, mounted upon a 

 large rather smooth rostrum which curves forward somewhat over the orifice. Ooecium large, smooth, 

 prominent, globose, the peristome forming a border on its front when fully developed. 



The rostrum is very prominent in this species, and the avicularium with its bluntly triangular 

 mandible is the most distinctive character, but the specimen must usually be turned somewhat back- 

 ward to see this to the best advantage, since the point of the avicularium is directed nearly straight 

 upward . 



Very common at Crab Ledge in 14 to 20 fathoms, and at Great Round Shoal in 8 fathoms. Not 

 previously recorded south of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 



Porella propinqua (Smitt). [PI. xxvii, fig. 70, 70a.] 



Smitt 1867. p. 22 {Eschara propinqua). 



Verrill 1875b, p. 41, and 1879c. p. 30 (^Eschara verrucosa, var. propinqua). 



Whiteaves 1901. p. 105. 



Zoarium encrusting shells, hydroid stems, etc. 2^ecia rather large, convex, surface roughened by 

 tubercles and raised lines, a row of areolae around the margin; a raised border separates tlie cells; orifice 

 rather large, rounded anteriorly, and slightly rounded behind the lateral denticles but without a distinct 

 sinus; peristome slightly raised in the infertile cells, much raised when ovicells are present, carried up 

 on the sides of the orifice into flap-like projections which extend forward upon the ovicell and backward 

 to partially or entirely inclose the avicularium. Immediately behind the orifice is a stout umbo, curved 

 forward and projecting somewhat over the primary orifice, and bearing on its tip a rather large rounded 

 avicularium. A second avicularium, which is large and spatulate in form, is often present on the front 

 of the cell, usually turned sidewise. Ooecium large, subglobose, prominent or somewhat immersed, 

 pimctured, often very regularly, with rather large pores, the pores usually forming an outer ring and a 

 central cluster. 



The species undergoes quite a change in appearance from the yoimg cell to the adult condition with 

 ovicells, mostly due to the development of the peristome, and the calcification of the front of the cell. 



I am not at all satisfied that this species should be placed in the genus Porella, since the character 

 of the primary orifice is much more like that of a Lepralia, especially such forms as L. perlusa and L. 



