Bembo et al.: Stock discrimination among Engrauhs encrasicolus by means of DNA analysis 



37 



Table 4 



Monte Carlo x 2 simulation analyses of the geographical distribution of mtDNA variation in European anchovy, Engraulis 

 encrasicolus. For all samples n=20. For all analyses, 1,000 iterations were performed. * = those comparisons that were still 

 significant at P<0.05 after sequential Bonferroni testing. 



i) Comparing all seven samples; 53 composite haplotypes 



X 2 from original matrix = 323.3, exceeded by 11/1,000 simulations; P=0.011*; 



ii) Comparing all samples except Aegean Sea; 44 composite haplotypes 



X 2 from original matrix = 224.5, exceeded by 337/1,000 simulations; P=0.337; 



iii) Comparing the three Adriatic Sea samples only; 28 composite haplotypes 



X 2 from original matrix = 51.99, exceeded by 689/1,000 simulations; P=0.689; 



iv) Comparing all samples except the Aegean Sea after pooling Adriatic Sea samples (i.e. four sample groups); 44 composite 

 haplotypes 



X 2 from original matrix = 130.41, exceeded by 488/1,000 simulations; P=0.488; 



v ) Comparisons of the distribution of restriction patterns for individual endonucleases between a pooled Adriatic sample ( n =60 ) 

 and all other groups except the Aegean Sea. 



Original x 2 



Exceeded by 



n simulations 



22.5 

 23.5 

 10.1 

 31.7 

 49.4 

 31.3 



588/1,000 

 321/1,000 

 100/1,000 

 111/1,000 

 7/1,000 

 48/1,000 



P=0.588 



P=0.321 



P=0.100 



P=0.111 



P=0.007* 



P=0.048 



Table 5 



Probability values for pairwise Monte Carlo x 2 comparisons of ND5/6 composite haplotype distribution in samples of European 

 anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. All comparisons employed 1,000 iterations. * = those comparisons that were still significant at 

 P<0.05 after sequential Bonferroni testing. 



Sample 



Trieste 



Ancona 



Vieste 



Ionian 



Sicily 



Tyrrhenian 



0.003 



tochrome b, and an alternative view is that the genes 

 of the NADH dehydrogenase system have a uniformly 

 high rate of evolution. Magoulas ( 1993 ), however, has 

 reported over 30 composite haplotypes in RFLP analy- 

 sis of the entire E. encrasicolus mtDNA molecule, and, 

 because his results were obtained by using five enzymes 

 which recognized hexanucleotide sites only, his obser- 

 vations lend support to our hypothesis. 



The distribution of both composite haplotypes and 

 restriction forms for individual restriction enzymes 

 differed between the Aegean Sea anchovy population 

 and the other areas sampled. When the same samples 



were studied with allozyme electrophoresis, the 

 greatest estimates of genetic divergence were also 

 found in comparisons involving Aegean Sea fish; 

 hence both techniques confirm the distinctness of this 

 group (Carvalho et al. 5 ). Magoulas ( 1993) found two 



Carvalho, G. R., D. G. Bembo. A. Carone, G. Giesbrecht, N. 

 Cingolani, and T. J. Pitcher. 1994. Stock discrimination in 

 relation to the assessment of Adriatic anchovy and sardine 

 fisheries. Final Report to the European Community EC XIV- 

 1/MED/91/001/A. Available from European Commission, Direc- 

 torate-General XIV Fisheries, internal resources, Conservation 

 Policy and Environmental Questions, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049, 

 Brussels, Belgium. 



