Hesp et al.: Timing and frequency of spawning and fecundity of Rhabdosargus sarba 



659 



that this species has indeterminate fecundity. Thus, the 

 values recorded for the annual fecundity of R. sarba in 

 the Arabian Gulf almost certainly represent a marked 

 underestimate of the true annual fecundity of this spe- 

 cies in that region. 



Acknowledgments 



Our gratitude is expressed to colleagues and friends 

 for help with sampling — to G. Thomson for preparing 

 the histological sections, to F. J. Neira for information 

 on the larval phase of R. sarba, and to D. Fairclough 

 and two anonymous reviewers for invaluable comments 

 on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by 

 Murdoch University. 



Literature cited 



Brown-Peterson, N. J., R. M. Overstreet, J. M. Lotz, 

 J. S. Francis, and K. M. Burns. 



2001. Reproductive biology of cobia, Rachycentron 

 canadum. from coastal waters of the southern United 

 States. Fish. Bull. 99:15-28. 



Brown-Peterson, N. J., M. S. Peterson, D. L. Nieland, 

 M. D. Murphy, R. D. Taylor, and J. R. Warren. 



2002. Reproductive biology of female spotted seatrout, 

 Cynoscion nebulosus, in the Gulf of Mexico: differences 

 among estuaries? Environ. Biol. Fishes 63:405-415. 



Brown-Peterson, N., P. Thomas, and C. R. Arnold. 



1988. Reproductive biology of the spotted seatrout, 

 Cynoscion nebulosus, in south Texas. Fish. Bull. 86:373- 

 388. 



Buxton, C. D.. and P. A. Garratt 



1990. Alternative reproductive styles in seabreams ( Pisces: 

 Sparidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 28:113-124. 

 El-Agamy, A. E. 



1989. Biology of Sparus sarba Forskal from the Qatari 

 water, Arabian Gulf. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India. 31:129- 

 137. 



Farley, J. H., and T. L. O. Davis. 



1998. Reproductive dynamics of southern bluefin tuna, 

 Thunnus maccoyii. Fish. Bull. 96:223-236. 

 Gaughan, D. J., F. J. Neira, L. E. Beckley and I. C. Potter. 



1990. Composition, seasonality and distribution of the ich- 

 thyoplankton in the lower Swan Estuary, south-western 

 Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 41:529-543. 



Garratt. P. A. 



1993. Comparative aspects of the reproductive biology of 

 seabreams (Pisces: Sparidae). Ph.D. thesis, vol. 1, 175 

 p. Rhodes Univ.. Grahamstown, South Africa. 

 Greeley, M. S„ D. R. Marion, and R. MacGregor III. 



1986. Semilunar spawning cycles of Fundulus similes 

 ( Cyprinodontidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 17:125- 

 131. 

 Hesp, S. A., N. G. Hall and I. C. Potter. 



2004. Size-related movements of Rhabdosargus sarba 

 in three different environments and their influence on 

 estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Mar. 

 Biol. 

 Hesp, S. A., and I. C. Potter. 



2003. Reproductive biology of the tarwhine Rhabdos- 

 argus sarba (Sparidae) in Western Australian waters, 



in which it is a rudimentary hermaphrodite J. Mar. 

 Biol. Assoc. U.K. 83:1333-1346. 

 Hoque, M. M., A. Takemura, M. Matsuyama, S. Matsuura, 

 and K. Takano. 



1999. Lunar spawning in Siganus eanaliculatus. J. Fish 

 Biol. 55: 1213-1222. 

 Hunter J. R., and S. R. Goldberg. 



1980. Spawning incidence and batch fecundity in northern 

 anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fish. Bull. 77:641-652. 

 Hunter, J. R., N. C. H. Lo, and R. J. H. Leong. 



1985. Batch fecundity in multiple spawning fishes. In 

 An egg production method for estimating spawning bio- 

 mass of pelagic fish: application to the northern anchovy 

 (Engraulis mordax) (R. Lasker, ed.l, p. 67-77. NOAA 

 Tech. Rep. NMFS 36. 

 Hunter, J. R., and B. J. Macewicz. 



1985. Measurement of spawning frequency in multiple 

 spawning fishes. In An egg production method for esti- 

 mating spawning biomass of pelagic fish: application to 

 the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) (R. Lasker, 

 ed.i, p. 79-94. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 36. 



Hunter, J. R., B. J. Macewicz, L. N. Chyan-huei, and 

 C. A. Kimbrell. 



1992. Fecundity, spawning, and maturity of female Dover 

 sole Mierostomus paeificus, with an evaluation of assump- 

 tions and precision. Fish. Bull. 99:101-128. 



Hunter J. R., B. J. Macewicz, and J. R. Sibert. 



1986. The spawning frequency of skipjack tuna Katsu- 

 wonus pelamis, from the South Pacific. Fish. Bull. 

 84:895-903. 



Johannes, R. E. 



1978. Reproductive strategies of coastal marine fishes 

 in the tropics. Environ. Biol. Fishes 3:65-84. 

 Johnson, W. S., D. M. Allen, M. V. Ogburn, and S. E. Stancyk. 



1990. Short-term predation responses of adult bay 

 anchovies Anehoa mitchilli to estuarine zooplankton 

 availability. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 64:55-68. 



Karlou-Riga C, and P. S. Economidis. 



1997. Spawning frequency and batch fecundity of horse 

 mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (L.), in the Saronikos 

 Gulf (Greece). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 13:97-104. 



Kuiter, R. H. 



1993. The complete diver's and fishermen's guide to 

 coastal fishes of south-eastern Australia. 437 p. Craw- 

 ford House Press, Bathurst, Australia. 



Laevastu, T. 



1965. Manual of methods in fisheries biology. FAO, 

 Rome. 

 Lisovenko. L. A., and D. P. Andrianov. 



1991. Determination of absolute fecundity of intermit- 

 tently spawning fishes. Vop. Ikhtiol. 31:631-641. 



Macchi, G. J., E. M. Acha and M. I. Militelli. 



2003. Seasonal egg production of whitemouth croaker 

 (Micropogonias furnieri) in the Rio de la Plata estuary. 

 Argentina-Uruguay. Fish. Bull. 101:332-342. 

 McBride, R. S., J. R. Styer and R. Hudson. 



2003. Spawning cycles and habitats for ballyhoo (Hemir- 

 amphus brasiliensis) and balao (H. balao) in south 

 Florida. Fish. Bull. 101:583-589. 

 Mihelkakis, A., and C. Kitajima. 



1994. Effects of salinity and temperature on incubation 

 period, hatching rate, and morphogenesis of the silver 

 sea bream, Sparus sarba (Forskal, 1775). Aquaculture 

 126:361-371. 



Miskiewicz, A. G. 



1986. The season and length at entry into a temper- 



