( 356 ) 



forewing, the line straight, crossing K^ 2 to :i mm. from its origin, beginning at costal 

 margin 8 to I'l mm. from tip of C and reaching abdominal margin close to anal angle, 

 barely J mm. broad ; a postdisco-submarginal series of pale ochraceons rings, 

 parallel to onter margin, bordered proximally with chestnnt tawny; within the rings 

 are the blackish postdiscal bars, of which bars SC" — M' are absent or represented 

 by dots, and the snbmarginal bars represented by dots, central parts of rings 

 occnjiied by white scaling, which is consiiicnons in rings M' — SM- ; a series of 

 indistinct pale ochraceons Innnles often between discal line and postdisco-snbmarginal 

 rings ; black admarginal Innnles short, bnt distinctly transverse, if not obsolete, 

 bordered white distally, especially the posterior ones, with pale ochraceons half- 

 moons at proximal side, whicli halfmoons often touch between veins the pale 

 ochraceons jiostdisco-submarginal rings, often reducing the interspaces to diamond- 

 shaped patches ; tail U^ l)road, of even width, or slightly spatnlate, about 6 to 8 mm. 

 long, tail M^ represented by a blnnt angle. 



?. Larger than (J, white basal area of forewing above more extended, under- 

 side occasionally ])alc olive, with a greenish tint ; tail longer, and broader at tip. 



Length of forewing : S, 36 — 45 mm. 

 „ „ ? , 39—50 mm. 



Penis much thinner than in all the preceding species : one tooth of variable 

 size about 1 mm. from end, followed proximally by a few more very small ones ; 

 ])euis-fannel slenderer than in marmax, its npperside convex at tip ; clasper (PI. 8. 

 f. 24.) rather slender, the apical hook broad, concave on the up])erside. 



Hab. Africa south of the Sahara, from Senegambia and Abyssinia to the Cape 

 Colony. 



(Vamer's figure in Paj). Exot. IL represents nndoubtedly this species, bnt is 

 not exact enough to enable us to say which of the forms described below the figure 

 must be referred to. (Cramer gives Amboina and Coromaudel as locality ! 



Ch. varanes varies considerably, especially on the underside; while the 

 individuals from South Africa are different on the upperside from the remainder of 

 the species, and, therefore, are kept subspecifically separate in this monograph, the 

 specimens from tropical East and AVest Africa do not seem to us to have developed 

 into an Eastern and a Western race. Bnt Ch. varanes from the East Coast is by 

 no means the same as Ch. varanes from the western forest region. On the former 

 country the underside presents similar variation, as does the underside of the South 

 African race, there being three forms distinguishable : one with the wings irrorated 

 with clouds of black scales, a second without this irroration and with the bars clearly 

 marked, and a third with the ground of wing deeper in tint and the bars accordingly 

 fainter : the second and third forms run into one another. Li West Africa only the 

 second form occurs. 



The trichromatism in the South and East African Ch. varanes, which is best 

 marked in the individuals from Cape Colony and Natal, may be the outcome of 

 seasonal changes in the environment, the one extreme form looking more like a 

 withered leaf, the other extreme more like a fresh leaf ; but the data at our disposal 

 are not sufficient to allow us to express an opinion on the question, whether those 

 three forms, or at least the most different ones, are confined to certain seasons, or 

 whether the differences in the individuals mean simply individual variability inde- 

 pendent of the season of the year. It will be difficult to settle the question without 

 careful observations on the spot, as even material with exact data, day of capture, 

 locality, altitude, will not tell us much if it does not comprise a long series of 



