( 283 ) 



or three times as long as the first ; third generally pointed, seldom (neantkes) 

 compressed and snbtruncate. 



Genital armatnre of c? with penis-funnel, the opening of which extends at least 

 to the middle. The difierences between the species in the varions parts of the 

 armatnre is generally very slight, bnt occasionally considerable. There is a great 

 variety in the denticnlations of the penis-sheath ; if there is a series of teeth tbe 

 most distal one is dorsal or nearly dorsal, while the series turns proximally towards 

 the left side in most cases, the most proximal teeth being often ventro-lateral. 

 Legs : see Nov. Zool. V. p. 558. 



There is a great diversity in the shape of the outline of the wings of Charaxes. 

 The outer margin of the forewing varies from being nearly straight to being deeply 

 concave, the most prominent point lying either between SC^ and SC", or at SC^, and 

 is sometimes produced into a more or less acute angle at SC^. The hindwing is 

 abdominally always somewhat, often considerably, longer than costally, and has in 

 most species a triangular form. The strength of the dentition of the distal (or outer) 

 margin of both wings varies much according to species and groni)s of species, and 

 is also not quite constant within the species. The teeth at veins R' and M^ of the 

 hindwing are mostly produced into tails of various length, which may be pointed, 

 rounded, or dilated at the tips. The upper tail, or, in other forms, the lower one, is 

 not seldom wanting, either in one or both sexes, and there are also species without 

 tails, while in others tooth M' is prolonged to a third tail. The anal angle is in 

 many species more produced than the outer margin between the tails, which 

 character is exaggerated in Ch. zingha. 



There is nothing in the scaling — apart from the basal patch on the underside of 

 the forewing — of the wings by which Charaxes is distinguished from the allied 

 genera. As in other Butterflies (and Moths) the anterior half of the upperside of 

 the hindwing and the basal and posterior half (or more) of the underside of the 

 forewing are covered with scales of which those of the upper layer have the distal 

 edge entire, not dentate. These parts of the wings are practically those that are 

 covered when the Butterfly is at rest with the wings closed above the back. The 

 extent of the areas with non-dentate upper scales is variable. As a rule, the upper- 

 side of the forewing has dentate scaling only, but there are species (etheocles tj, 

 ameliae cJ, etc.) in which the scales, at least of the upper layer, are more or less 

 non-dentate on the forewing ; and occasionally nearly the whole upperside of the 

 hindwing, not only the anterior half, is covered with non-dentate scaling {etheocles S). 

 Metallic scales are in Butterflies as a rule non-dentate. This does not hold good 

 among Charaxes. While in a few species {_m>jcerina, etc.) the light blue spots of 

 the forewing above are composed of non-dentate scales, they consist of dentate ones 

 in many other species {tiridates, etc.). The metallic basal area of the forewing 

 found in many Charaxes {tiridates, etesipe, etc.) consists of sharply toothed scales. 

 A rather great variety in size and outline of the scales is observed in the cell on the 

 upperside of the forewing. Here we meet in one species with very long and very 

 narrow scales {eupale); in others with sharply dentate scales and many hairs 

 {varanes, etc.); in others again with long-toothed scales which are larger than the 

 scales on the disc {castor, etc.); while in some species the scales in the cell and on 

 the disc are not essentially diiferent (ncanthes). 



The wing membrane is in many species, especially the tawny African ones, 

 more or less green, as are here also the veins. The latter are accompanied, 

 especially on the underside, by dispersed, long hairs. 



