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The " tawny " Charaxes which follow here have so many characters in common 

 that we give a general description of all the species in order to avoid repetition. 



3 ? . Wings, upperside, varying according to species and sex from rich tawny 

 orange to buff yellow, base generally deeper in tint than disc. Forewing : cell- 

 bars generally not marked, bnt in the paler forms mostly shining through from the 

 underside ; bar D more or less heavy, dilated costally, mostly divided Ijy the tawny 

 orange discocellular vein ; submedian bars M' — SM^ often showing through from 

 below, median bars R^ — SM^ often all or partly well-marked, sometimes absent, 

 median bar R- — R- about 1 or 2 mm. from cell, median bars SC — R' not often 

 absent, generally rather heavy, sometimes forming patches ; discal bars luniform, 

 black or brown, the series about jiarallel to margin, but costally somewhat cnrviug 

 basad, the upper bars often patch-like, closer to outer margin than to cell ; discal 

 interspace mostly paler than rest of wing, often white ; postdisco-submarginal black 

 or brown patches more or less rounded, if isolated, the postdiscal interspaces 

 separating them from the discal lunules either tawny orange or more or less white ; 

 outer edge of wing black or brown, admarginal interspaces paler brown, or tawny 

 orange ; very often the discal, postdisco-submarginal and marginal black or brown 

 markings all fused together to form a broad border to the wing, which border often 

 includes a series of brown resp. tawny orange spots, in some cases the black border 



is costally dilated to apex of cell. Hindwing : abdominal fold jiale buff-yellow ; 



median bars C — R' mostly marked, the other median bars as well as the submedian 

 and discal ones either not visible, or showing through from below, discal interspace 

 often pale, sometimes white, at least in front ; a series of postdisco-submarginal 

 patches, the anterior ones the largest, including a series of white submarginal dots, 

 of which often only the last two are developed ; an admarginal black or brown 

 line mostly visible, sometimes complete, often interrupted at veins ; the postdisco- 

 marginal area often all black, with or without tawny admarginal interspaces ; tails 

 varying in length according to species, sex and individual, longer in ? than cj as a 

 rule, the second generally short, with the exception of the ? ? of a few species, 

 the tails seldom both reduced to mere teeth. 



Underside in various tints of brown and yellow, according to species, sex, or 

 individual, olivaceous brown, yellowish, ferruginous, buff-yellow, the darker parts 

 more or less glossy ; discal interspace at distal side of median bars often pale, 

 sometimes white ; median intersjiace generally (with some exceptions) darker in 



tint than the discal and submedian interspaces. Forewing : cell with three arched 



or undulated bars, sometimes with a fourth bar at base indicated by a dot, cell-bar 3 

 often separated into dots ; submedian and median bars generally well marked, mostly 

 sharply defined ; submedian bar R' — M' often present, very short, close to base of 

 M' ; discal bars luniform, in most species more proximal than the black or brown 

 discal lunules of the upperside ; postdiscal and submarginal bars mostly indistinct, 

 generally fused together to form Ul-defined patches which often bear white scaling 

 in centres representing the white submarginal dots, the submarginal spots are 

 occasionally more bar-like, and the white (silvery) scaling is often much extended, 

 in which case the postdiscal indistinct dark blotches are well separated from the 



submarginal black or brown spots or bars. Hindwing : basal costal bar never 



absent, though sometimes rather faintly marked, curved distad ; costal subbasal 

 bar seldom present, then situated at the outerside of the praecostal veiulet; subbasal, 

 submedian and median bars more or less discontinuous, forming irregular series 

 the bars on the abdominal fold absent or short, but sometimes scarcely interrupted 



