( 286 ) 



resemblance to other species of Ckaraxes with which they are not nearly related 

 {hildebrandti and brutus, anticlea and protoclea, guderiana ? and pelias, varions 

 forms of etheocles ? and bohemani, numenes ? , citkaeron 5 , etc.), and it is of great 

 sigcnificancejthat all these "mimetic" species can be grouped together on account 

 of the agreement in the nnmber of denticulations of the costal margin of the fore- 

 wing with the number of scale-rows (see vol. V. p. 351). It is no less interesting 

 that into this same group come also the peculiar acraeoid zingha, the Argijnn.is-\\]s.& 

 jahlusa, the green eupale, and paphianus, mycerina and allies with the leaf-like 

 nnderside. Many of these species show, moreover, striking affinities in the pattern 

 of the underside. 



Another group is formed by the allies of Ch. pob/xena, taranes, candiope, 

 which have preserved, on the upperside, a more ancestral pattern than the other 

 Charaxes, and may, for this reason, be put at the beginning of the series. Into a 

 third natural group come the allies of Ch. fir/dates in which the median bars SC — 

 R- of the forewing below liave left their normal place at one-third or one-fourth the 

 way from the cell to the apex of the wing, havin? wandered proximad to near the 

 cell ; a transition to this group is found in Ck. im'perialis and ameliae which have 

 retained the normal position of those bars. A fourth group unites all the " typical " 

 Charaxes, allied to jasori, with heavy bars on the underside and black and white, 

 or brown, lines upon the abdominal fold. 



The greater proportion of the species is African (80), one occurs in the 

 Mediterranean countries and 22 in the Indo-Australian region. The Mediterranean 

 species (jason), as well as one of the Indo-Malayan Charaxes (fabius) are of an 

 African type, while the other eastern species have a near relative in the African 

 Ck. vara/ies. Australia is not known to be inhabited by a species of this genus, 

 while there occurs a form of Eulepis, a genus confined to the Indo-Australian 

 region. New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago have one species, the Solomon 

 Islands are without Ckaraxes, but the New Guinea species may be expected to be 

 discovered there some day. On each of the Moluccan Islands one species only is 

 found, with the exception of Burn, where two species have been obtained. Celebes 

 has four, Sumatra five, Burma seven, Sikkim five. South India two, Java three, and 

 the lesser Sunda Islands one each ; from Borneo four species are known ; Palawan 

 has five species, while each of the Philippine Islands seems to be inhabited by three 

 only ; in China there is one species, which goes as far north as Shanghai. 



The most striking features in the habits of Charaxps are the rapid flight, the 

 partiality to putrid matter, and the constancy with which a specimen returns to 

 the same spot. Few species are found in the open country {Ch. pelias pelias, jason, 

 fabius), where there are only bushes and rarely trees ; most species inhabit the 

 more wooded country, and some are found only in and near larger forests. The 

 males come often in some numbers to water pools on roads ; both sexes are fond 

 of the juice of trees, of decaying frnits, dung of animals, putrid meat, and can 

 successfully be entrapped by the use of such baits ; one is known to come to flowers 

 {zoolina). 



I. Underside : discal bars of forewing and discal and postdiscal ones of hindwing 

 arched ; subbasal and submedian lines of bars of hindwing thin, reaching SM^ (or 

 SM') ; median bars SC^ — R^ of forewing much more distal than R- — R' ; or, if 

 discal bars not clearly marked, median bar SC* — SC^ much more distal again than 

 bars SC— R». 



