( 333 ) 



2a. Black disco-marginal area of forewiiig very wide in costal region, 

 the tawny or wiiite median and discal interstices SC^'* — R- 

 small, often filled up with black ; discal band of forewing 

 varying from being white to being only a little paler than 

 the basal area ; median bars R' — (SM') of forewing well- 

 marked also ill the tawny specimens : (J-f. hipponax. 

 2h. Discal and median interspaces SC^'* — R- of forewing above well 

 developed. 

 3a. Band of forewing varying from white to pale yellow. 

 Specimens with the black median bars SO'° — M^ of 

 forewing above absent are Bntler's himlia : S-i. jalbuhr. 

 'ib. Discal interspaces of forewing above scarcely paler than 

 basal area, sometimes slightly bnffish or whitish in 

 costal regions, with or without obvious black median 

 bars. c?-f. hierax {=zwatti). 

 ib. White snbmarginal dots * of hindwing standing at the proximal edges 

 of the black postdisco-snbmarginal patches R^ — SM', the post- 

 discal portions of these patches being obsolete, the patches small 

 and, generally well separated from each other ; patches C — R' 

 large and merged together, seldom also small ; J-f. corax 

 (^ = aff/ia = /larpax). 

 ? . In this sex the band of forewing is always more or less white, seldom all 

 yellowish white. If we divide here the ? ¥ into several groups we must expressly 

 state that we do not mean to say that the females and males called by the same 

 aberrational name do not mate with the individuals called by other names ; a 

 pleisfoanax ? is not only a ? of the c?-f. pleistonax, but also of c?-f. jalinder, 

 t?-f. kierax, etc. Though it is known from some mammals, especially domesticated 

 ones, that they prefer associating (and copulating) with similarly coloured individuals^ 

 such an association rendering the single individual less conspicuous, and hence 

 more protected, it is scarcely admissible to assume that the individuals of the 

 present variable insect gave preference in mating to those colours that came nearest 

 their own. The names of aberrations have not the same biological meaning as 

 specific and subspecific names, but express simply the fact that the individuals 

 so named have certain characters in common. 



I. Discal band of forewing white, reaching internal margin ; white scaling 

 extending basad at least to point of origin of M' ( ? -f. khasianus), not extending so 

 far down ( ? -f. pleistoanax). 



II. Band stopping at SJP. 



la. White snbmarginal dots of hindwing in centre of black postdisco- 

 snbmarginal patches, or nearer their outer edges. 

 2a. White discal interstices SC* — R- of forewing smaller than the re- 

 spective median ones : S -f. hipponax. 

 2b. . . . larger than the median ones, the black median bars nearer 

 the inner than the outer edge of the band : ? -f. hierax. The 

 specimens do not exhibit characters which would justify a 

 separation into two forms as in the case of the ii (cJ-f. hierax, 

 3 -i. jalinder). 



' If the dots are absent their position can be ascertained by holding the specimen against the light ; 

 the dots of the underside will then show through. 



