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ON CERTAIN POINTS IN THE ANATOMY OF CALIATllIilX 



TORQUATA. 



(Plate XI.) 



BY FllANK K. BEDDARD, F.R.S., ETC. 



SO little has been written npon the " soft parts " of the genus ('allitliri.c that 

 no apology is needed for bringing forward fni-ther facts in the anatomy of 

 this genns of American monkeys. So far as I am aware, the abdominal and 

 thoracic viscera have been only briefly mentioned by Forbes * in a memoir upon 

 the allied genns Brnchi/unis, and more fully described by Weldon f in a pajier 

 devoted to the species Callithrix gigot. I am able to add to this existing knowledge 

 by my dissections of an exam])le of C. torqiiata, which was deposited by the 

 Hon. Walter Rothschild in the Zoological Society's Gardens, and which died 

 there in March of the present year. To my own observations I can add a few 

 MS. notes upon Callithrix brunnea (or more correctly C. personata), left by my 

 predecessor, Mr. W. A. Forbes. 



The animal which I dissected was a young female measuring, when the skin 

 had been removed, fourteen inches from the snout to the root of the tail. Tlie 

 animal was measured with the head j)ushed back into the position in relation 

 to the trunk that it occupies in the lower mammalia. I could not ascertain any 

 lesions or traces of disease sufficient to account for its death. 

 The animal was fat and well nourished. 



Alim entary viscera. In Callithrix torquata, as in C. personata, the tongue 

 has three circumvallate papillae arranged in the usual V. In other genera there 

 may be four of these — for example in Brachgiirus — so that the number is worthy 

 of record. The fungiform papillae amount to some twenty-two or so on each side ; 

 but all of these in C. torquata lay in front of the circumvallate V, and not also 

 behind it as in C. personata. The organ of Mayer was tpiite well developed, and 

 consisted of some ten folds on each side. 



The sublingna is well developed, and is i)laiuly bihd, as in other monkeys, at 

 its extremity. 



I have nothing to say about the stomach, except that it is " (piite Simian, 

 rather globular, and with the pyloric orifice not much approximated to oesophageal " 

 —as Mr. Forln'S wrote of C. persomita. 



The omentum shows such great differences among the monkeys that it is 

 important to record the conditions which obtain in this genus. In Callithrix, judging 

 from C. torquata, it is of small extent, and does not cover any of the abdominal 

 viscera. This state of affairs contrasts markedly with what I observed in 

 Cercopithecus alliiyularis, dissected side by side with Callithrix fur j)urposes of 

 comparison. In Cerropithecus the omentum is enormous, quite covering all the 

 alimentary viscera. It is tied down laterally and posteriorly to the side of the body 

 wall on the left side, and to the caecum and large intestine on the right. Mr. 

 Forbes has referred to the fact that in Brachijurus the omentum is attached to 

 the colon. There were no snch attachments in Callithrix. It seems to be likely 



* •' On Ihc External Oh.iractcr.s ami An.itomy of the Red Oiiakari Monkey," etc., P.X..'^ . 18so, p. G27. 

 t •■ Notes on rallithrix ijii/ot," P.Z.S., 18.S4, p. G. 



