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opinion that they ciiiiuot be regarJeil as more than subspecies. Accordingly, if 

 the foregoing conchisions are correct, I'li/iio (irahiriiH may become /'. hamadnjas 

 arabicug. If, on the other liaud, Mr. I{otlisehilir.s specimens are distinct from 

 arabirz/.i, and at the same time indigenous to Aden, they apparently require a new 

 subspecific name. This alternative is, however, 1 think, unlikely. 



Two other points may be noticed. In the first place, as Abyssinia is 

 the home of the typical race of the s|)ecies, the name Arabian baboon is 

 inajipropriatc. It might be better designated the Hamadryad, or maued baboon, 

 and its two races respectively called the Abyssinian and the Arabian. The 

 second point is the propriety of transferring llamaf/n/as from Fapio to Tltcrn- 

 pithecus. If I were perfectly satisfied as to the right of the gelada to typify a 

 distinct genus, I should assent to the change. But the analogy of the lion 

 suggests that the mere presence of a mane in the male (or both sexes), is not 

 a generic character, and I would therefore deprecate any change of name, unless, 

 indeed, it were to abolish Theropithecus altogether. 



3. East African Baboon — Papio neumanni. 



Dr. P. Matschie {S. B. (ies. Saf/i'/or., Berlin, 1»U7, p. 2(51) has assigned 

 the name Papio neumanni to a baboon collected by Herr Oscar Neumann in 

 Mozambique, the type specimen being a male. This presumed species is of much 

 the same general type as tlioth, its most distinctive features being apparently 

 the great development of certain ridges on the sides of the upper jaw 



A fully adult male baboon from Southern Abyssinia in Mr. Rothschild's 

 collection is labelled P. neumanni, and may very probably belong to that form, 

 since it has strongly pronounced ma.xillary ridges. The hair is of the usual 

 black-and-} ellow ringed type. If this identification be correct, it may be 

 interesting to note (as the type, was a dead specimen) that the colour of the 

 face is dnsky, with flesh-tints showing slightly through, the flesh-colour being 

 predominant on the eyelids and adjacent region. The chin and throat tend to 

 greyish. Bright crimson is the colour of the callosities and adjacent naked parts. 

 With this specimen is associated an adult female, which has also been labelled 

 Papio neumanni, and which came from the Upper Blue Nile. The hair, in 

 place of being annulated, is imiformly coloured, and the ears appear larger than 

 in the male. .Such differences are strongly suggestive of specific distinction, but 

 in such a difficult group as the baboons, with a very indifferent series of skins 

 for comparison, it is somewhat hazardous to say that such is really the case, 

 especially when we have a living example to deal with. 



Note. — I must add to Mr. Lydekker's uotes that the two Hamadryad baboons were really 

 got in Arabia, near Aden. The question as to the genus TJieropilliecus I consider 

 admits of different views — though there is no question with regard to its definition. 

 There are some eleven or twelve species of baboon with no mane or lengthened 

 pelage, while there are three — namely, yelatla, obscurus, and /laiiidilri/d'i— which have 

 heavy manes and cloaks of long hair. If only for the sake of avoiding too large 

 genera, I am in favour of separating these three from Pajiin. 



As to the female baboon, it is from quite a different country, and has non- 

 annulated hair, and very large ears. I feel no doubt of its distinctness from 

 P. neunwniii : in fact, the only one I could compare with it is P. dogurrn, and that 

 I know is distinct. 1 therefore venture to name it Piiii'm lijdckkcri, after the author 

 of the notes above. Walter Kcituscuilu. 



