( 4fi4 ) 

 ~ii. Lanius nubicus. 



Laniiix nuhii-iis Licht , IV;:. DdiiIiI. p. 47 (l'<'2,j) (Nubia) ; Gadow, t. c. p. 2S2. 



Lnniits permmilus Temm., PL Col. iii, PI. II. no. 256. fig. 2 (IS24) (Akaba, Arabia ; Xubia ; and 

 Egypt). 



Linihia leucometopoH Miihle, Biil. Oni. (Iricchml. p. 78 (1844) (Greeco). 



LiiinKs (ilbicollis Wiirt., Iron. in«l. ndr Gray, lluiiil-l.ll 1. p. :i01 (IHCiO) : Git-bul., T'/ir.s. n,;i. ii. 

 p. 434 (1874). 



Adult male. — Forehead and superciliary stripes white; crown, ear-coverts, 

 mantle and back deep shining black ; scapulars entirely white, forming a con- 

 spicnons patch ; chin, throat, belly and nnder tail-coverts white ; sides of neck, 

 chest, sides and flanks waslied with rnfoiis, darkest on the two latter ; wings black, 

 basal half of primary fjuills and margins of terminal half of secondaries white ; 

 two outLT jiairs of tail-feathers white, with more or less black along the margin 

 of the basal half of the inner web ; fourth pair black, tijiiicd with white : three 

 middle pairs black. 



Total length ca. 8 in ; wing 3'5, tail iVo, tarsus n-',). 



Adult female. — Resembles the adult male, bnt the back is generally browner 

 and becomes quite brown during the breeding season. 



The immature bird has the upper parts brown or whitish brown, each feather 

 barred with dusky ; forehead, superciliary stripe, scapulars and under parts pure 

 white : a few of the scapulars, and the feathers of the sides of the breast and flanks 

 have dark concentric bars ; the wings and tail are marked as in the adult, bnt the 

 secondaries as well as the wing-coverts arc margined with pale bnff". 



llah. North-East Africa and 8outh-Western Asia, ranging west to Senegal, 

 south to the Magois country in the vicinity of Lake Rudolph, north to Asia Minor 

 and Pfilestiue, and eastwards to Southern Persia. 



-1. Lanius pomeranus. 



Rcd-hvaded Bidrher-Bii-d Albin., Nul. IIlsl. B. ii. p. 15. PI. XVI. (1738) (Germany). 



I.oniiis semitof Linn., .S. N. 1. ed. x. p. 94 (1758) ; Gray, llmid-l. B. i. p. :i'.l3 (ISiiO). 



Pie-iji-ieche Roiissr. de Fnina- BuflE., PI. EnJ. i. p. 23',l. PI. LIII. no. D. tig. 2 (1 771) (male only).* 



Limiiis pomrmniis Sparrm., Mus. Carls, fasc. i. PI. I. (178ii) (Pomcrauia). 



Litiiiiis riilliino Tar. 8, scmjidensis Gmel., <S'. A', i. p. 301 (1788). 



Liuiiiix i-iificeps Beohst., Xnl. DculsiM. ii. p. 1327. PI. XV. (180.i) ; Brehin., Ilniidh. rog. Dentschl. 



p. 237(1831). 

 f.ioii'is melanntos Brehm, t. c. p. 238, 



Lanius rufimUis Stephen, in Shaw's Gen. ZmA. vii. p. 310 (1800) (Kurope). 

 Lamm rulil/mK Temm., .Umi. d'Orii. 2 ed. PI. IV. p. 601 (1840) (Senegal). 

 Lanius aiiricidalus Gadow {nee Mull.), t. c. p. 283 (part). 

 Phoneus ruficeps Bogd., t. c. pp. 91, 208, and 217. 

 Lanins mnalov ndiUnm \ j;^^„g_ j f q jg.jt, p, .r,,,.). pi, II. 

 Lanius senator senator \ 



Ennc<ictojiiis frewitiix Licht., Mux. iie.rl.lide (iadow. 

 Lanins senator perioral i>< Ilartert {ner Midler), Nov. Zoiii.. VI. p. 4ir, (is;)'.)). 



Adult male iv fn'-Mij mnuUeil idiima(j,\^Yiw\iaix({, feathers above and below 

 the eyes, ear-coverts and inter.scapular space black : crown and nape chestnut, lower 

 back grey ; lores, scapulars, rump and npper tail-coverts pure white ; inider parts 

 wWte, more or less tinged with buff on the breast and sides ; wings black, basal 

 part of the primaries white, forming a consi)icuous speculum ; (piills and wing- 

 coverts narrowly edged with buff"; middle pair of tail-feathers black to the base, 



• Tlie female of Billion's Pic-grlirhr niusc de Pranee (,Pt. Enl. IM. ."il, no. :fl, fig. 1) is the female 

 of L. coUurio ; alongside of it the male is figured under the name " Ecoroheur." 



