( 477 ) 

 44. Lanius caniceps. 



Laiiiim riiiiityji'i Blyth, ,/..l.S. Bemj. xv. p. 3l)2 (IH+G) (India) ; (iailow, t. c. p. "205. 

 Lauiiis iiffinis Legge, Straii Feath. iv. p. 243 (1876) (Ceylon). 



Adult male ami feiivtU: in. fresslily innulteil plmiKKir (JMarcli). — ('mwn iiml 

 liack j>alo grey, generally ini'Iiriing to whitisli on tlie forciiart ol' tlie crown ; band 

 across forehead (about 0-:i.J in. wide), snperciliaries, lores and ear-coverts black : 

 scapulars grey, more or less mixed with rnst-red ; rnni|i rnst-red, deepening to 

 chestnut on the njiper tail-coverts ; chin, throat, and middle of breast and belly 

 white ; sides, flanks, vent and under tail-coverts rnst-red ; wings black ; base of 

 inner primary nuijls white, and forming a small but distinct speculum extending 

 beyond the greater coverts; inner secondaries margined with whitish butf; tail 

 black, tlie outer feathers narrowly bordered and tipped with whitish butf. 



Total lengtji ca. lU-5 iu. ; wing SS, tail o'l, tarsus \-'Z. 



In worn ]>Iuiuage the grey of the upper parts is much paler and the ru>t 

 colour on the sides and flanks less bright. 



Yoiimi birds. — Have the crown and back browner than the adult, and barred 

 with brownish black ; rump and upper tail-coverts more sparsely barred with dusky ; 

 fori'head and suiierciliary streaks whitish ; under parts while, iiudining lo bulf 

 on the flanks and under tail-coverts; breast, sides and flanks irregularly barred 

 with dusky; inner secondaries and their coverts rather widely murgined all njiuid 

 with rufous ; ouler tail-feathers reddish brown. 



Hub. Southern India, extending northwards to the (iodavery River and 

 southwards to Ceylon. 



45. Lanius erythronotus. 



Ofllnrin eri/lhruiiulns Vigors, /'. Z. S. 1831. p. 42 (Himalayas) ; Hog.l., t, .:. |ip. 7'.», '201'), 217. 

 Ciillimiijwiinliin Hodgs., in Gray's Z.«</. .I/;.s./. p. K4 (1H44) (Xepal, no. si.';). 

 Laiihia rri/fhivHfiliis (iadow, t, c. p. 2G3 (part). 



Adult male and female in J'realdij moulted plumage. — Crown, nape ami upjier 

 back grey shading into rust-red or pale chestnut ou the lower back, scaj)ulars, rump 

 and upper tail-coverts ; band across forehead (ca. U-2 in. wide), lores, snper- 

 ciliaries and ear-coverts black ; chin, throat and middle of under parts white ; 

 sides, flanks and under tail-coverts rufous or ])ali^ chestnut ; wings black, a 

 visible white speculum at the base of the inner primaries, inner secondaric^s edged 

 with pale rufous buff'; middle tail-feathers black, the outer |)airs paler and narrowly 

 margined, and tipped with j>ale bufl^. 



Total length ca. 9 in. ; wing 3-5 — 37, tail 4'3, tarsus I'l.j. 



In worn specimens the forepart of the crown is whitish, and the chestnut on tiie 

 rump, tail-coverts, sides and flanks is much paler. 



Immature birds. — Differ in having the crown, nape and back brown, the 

 feathers at the base of the culmen whitish, and the wing-coverts edged with rufous. 



Ynung birds. — Resemble the young of L. caniccp.i. 



llab. North-West India, ranging westwards through Afghanistan to Turkestan, 

 and southwards to Mysore. 



