CONSTITUENTS AND HABITS 15 



or may be variously enlarged. Spores and conidia are produced 

 singly in rare cases, more commonly in masses, sometimes in pro- 

 digious quantities. 



The reproductive bodies (spores or conidia) are of various forms. 

 The simplest are one celled and in form may be spherical, 

 (P/. /,/. /), oval (/Y. /, /. 3, J, 4), elongate, allantoid {PI. i,f. 6), 

 rod-like, worm-like or thread-hke {Pi. i,f. 14). Others by a cross- 

 partition become twin or 2-celled (didymoid) {PL i, f. y, S, g) ; 

 others by further parallel cross-partitions become a row of cells 

 (phragmoid) {PL i, f. lo-ij) ; others still by a division of cells 

 in more than one plane become many-celled (dictyoid, muriform) 

 ( /y. i,f. ij). Some spores are hyaline or colorless, others are 

 variously colored, usually some shade of yellow or brown. ''^ The 

 spores of agarics range from white, through pink or salmon-col- 

 ored to rusty yellowish-brown, and on to dark brown and black. 

 Lepiota Mo?'ga?n is an anomalous species with green spores. 



Certain spore forms readily characterize special groups of fungi 

 and make their recognition an easy matter ; such are the spores of 

 the ordinary grain rust {P/. 6, f. j) ; many spore forms have no 

 special distinctive character. In aquatic forms the spores are fre- 

 quently provided with cilia or other means of locomotion, and this 

 feature is also present in certain stages of the development of cer- 

 tain parasites of land plants. 



Chemistry of Fungi. Besides the cellulose that forms the cell 

 walls, the protoplasm of A-arious fungi develops a great variety 



*In certain groups of fungi, Saccardo, /oc. cit., has made use of arti- 

 ficial group-names based on spore characters which should be familiar to 

 any one attempting to use his work : 



Allantosporae : Spores simple, cylindric, curved. 



Phaeosporae : Spores simple, ovoid, brown. 



Hyalosporae : Spores simple, ovoid, or oblong, hyaline. 



Hyalodidymae : Spores l-septate, hyaline. 



Phaeodidymae : Spores i -septate, brownish. 



Phaeophragmiae : Spores 2-many-septate, brownish. 



Hyalophragmiae : Spores 2-manj-septate, hyaline. 



Dictyosporae : Spores transversely and longitudinally septate. 



ScOLECOSPORAE : Spores rod-like or filiform. 



Staurosporae ( Asterosporae) : Spores angular, forked or stellate. 



Amerosporae : Spores globose to cylindric, hyaline or colored. 



