LACTARIUS. 25 



Ladarius cyathula, Fries, Epicr., p. 344; Cke., Hdbk., 

 p. 313 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1009b, and 1085. 



On damp ground under birches, &c, 



Growing in troops, generally very slender and small, but 

 mixed with larger, firmer, and darker specimens. Allied to 

 L. vietus, but distinguished by its size and slender build ; 

 milk white and unchangeable when the gills are wounded ; 

 smell at first scarcely evident ; but strong and like bugs 

 when half dry. (Fries.) 



** Impoliti. 



Lactarius (Russ.) rufus. Scop. 



Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thin, pallid; umbonate 

 when young, soon depressed and at length infundibuliform, 

 the umbo persistent at base of the depression, entirely 

 zoneless, dry, floccosely silky at first but soon polished, 

 glabrous, rather polished and shining, rufous-baj', rufous- 

 cinnamon when old ; margin incurved and covered with 

 whitish down when young ; gills adnately decurrent, 

 crowded, about Ij line broad, scarcely branched, ochraceous 

 then pale rufous ; stem 2-3 in. long, about J in. thick, equal, 

 rufescent, but paler than the pileus, base with white down, 

 indistinctly pruinose or quite glabrous, stuffed, rather 

 fragile ; milk white, unchangeable, intensely acrid ; spores 

 echinulate, 9 x 7 /x. 



Lactarius rufus, Scopoli, Cam., ii. 451 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 314 ; 

 Cke., Illustr,, pi. 985. 



In dry pine woods. 



Diff'ers from every other species included in the section 

 Eussulares in the margin being clothed with whitish down 

 and incurved when young. The pileus although minutely 

 flocculose at first, is soon glabrous and shining. A small 

 form of the present species often very much resembles L. suh- 

 dulcis, from which it is distinguished by the very acrid taste. 



Lactarius (Russ.) helvus. Fr. 

 Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, fragile, convex then expanded, 

 somewhat umbonate, the entire surface broken up into 

 granule-like floccose squamules, brick-red with a yellow 

 tinge, becoming pale ; gills decurrent, crowded, often 

 forking, 1-1 J line broad, fragile, whitish at first then tinged 



