Mathematics and Computations. This project's staff is responsible for mathematical 

 modeling of mapping strategies, the development of data analysis algorithms, data 

 processing, and the construction and maintenance of interactive relational databases for 

 internal and external access. 



Map Construction. Using material resources, techniques, and computational methods, 

 the group assigned to this task is assembling ordered-clone maps. This task involves the 

 application of methods for clone fingerprinting, large-fragment electrophoresis, 

 multiplex walking strategies, and in situ hybridization to chromosomes. 



groo 



Minor ^ 



Sequencing Technologies 



Imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In a collaborative effort, Lawrence Livermore National 

 Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory scientists have used STM to image native, unstained DNA molecules 

 under conditions of normal atmospheric pressure. The image here, as illustrated in the schematic depiction beside 

 it, is sufficiently resolved to show the major and minor grooves of the DNA double helix. Some researchers have 

 even suggested that, with further development, STM imaging may someday be an important technology used to 

 sequence DNA. [Photograph first published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Thomas 

 Beebe, Jr., et al., "Direct Observation of Native DNA Structures with the Scanning Tunneling Microscope, " Science 

 243, 370-372 (Jan. 20, 1989). Photograph and figure provided by the Human Genome Center, Lawrence Berkeley 

 Laboratory.] 



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