Strategies 



We suggest complementary strategies for addressing 

 the energy issue at the national level: (1) improving 

 the national capability to plan for and guide national 

 energy development ; and (2) analyzing ene rgy 

 utilization and improving efficiency of use . Both 

 strategies would use various analytical methods such as 

 technology assessment, analysis of environmental 

 impact, national planning, etc. In the first strategy, 

 the energy supply and utilization system would be 

 examined in both cross-section and time-series to seek 

 trends and sensitivities. In the second, attention 

 would be directed specifically to the usually 

 underemphasized patterns of energy use and alternatives 

 to achieve higher efficiency. Once these become 

 evident, it is much easier to understand the 

 implications of alternative policy decisions. 



Strategy 1 . We propose that the United States 

 actively support efforts by developing countries to 

 improve their national energy analysis and planning. 

 We can use the experience of struggling with our own 

 energy situation to assist in this field. 



The ultimate purpose of planning is to make better 

 investment, allocation, and strategy decisions about 

 energy supply and utilization to meet both immediate 

 and long-term socioeconomic goals. The environmental, 

 social, and economic impacts of alternative energy 

 choices and strategies should be included (see, for 

 example, Palmedo 1978) . 



Early tasks for each country would be collecting 

 baseline data and analyzing energy consumption patterns 

 in urban and rural areas. There is generally an 

 awareness of the need for an energy supply component in 

 planning, but not as great an awareness of the need for 

 energy use planning. Many developing countries already 

 have relevant economic, environmental, and social 

 planning activities that can be drawn upon for data. 



Strategy 2 . Traditionally, the United States has 

 not sought to make the most efficient use of energy, 

 but in the last few years many processes and products 

 in this country have become more energy-efficient and 

 new federal policies have mandated improved efficiency. 

 New regulations reguire disclosure of mileage ratings 

 of new automobiles and energy-efficiency ratings of 

 consumer products such as refrigerators and air 

 conditioners. New residences and commercial and 

 governmental buildings are being designed with more 

 efficient space heating and cooling, and construction 

 codes are being revised. Industrial organizations are 

 using energy management techniques to measure and 

 monitor the energy used in various processes for 

 minimum energy consumption. Waste heat is being 



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