international cooperative activities. For example, the 

 United states could invite proposals from developing 

 countries to organize and cosponsor workshops and 

 projects designed to develop pesticide management 

 programs. Assistance could be provided in the 

 development and drafting of model regulations, which 

 will undoubtedly vary among countries. Typical 

 regulations could be drawn up as models for other 

 countries. The concept of government certification of 

 pesticide applicators should be strongly advocated, and 

 major educational efforts are needed at all levels on 

 integrated pest management. 



Improving Understanding of Available Technologies . 

 Information on the efficacy and effects of alternative 

 pesticides needs to be made available in easily 

 understandable terms to governments, formulators, 

 applicators, and farmers. U.S. pesticide manufacturers 

 should be encouraged to supplement AID efforts. For 

 example, exporters could be required to furnish 

 importers with specific, but easily understood, 

 information on toxicology, safe methods for use, and 

 the effects of misuse. Also, development banks, which 

 do not now have environmental programs comparable to 

 those of the United States, should be encouraged to 

 expand their safety efforts, including loan conditions. 



EPILOGUE 



The initiatives we propose would benefit not only 

 the developing countries but also the United States. 

 U.S. scientists and research and teaching institutions 

 would be stimulated to deal with problems that this 

 country must solve in the near future, particularly the 

 development of alternative energy sources and the 

 economical use of raw materials. Better planning 

 strategies for using nonrenewable resources and 

 developing alternative materials and processes will 

 benefit the U.S. economy, as will the increased trade 

 and more stable supplies of commodities that will 

 result from resource and environment-related activities 

 in developing countries. 



To the extent that the United States initiates or 

 expands the kinds of activities we have outlined, it 

 should do so in a manner that reflects the diversity of 

 its scientific and technological resources. Technical 

 assistance or collaboration with developing countries 

 should flow through a multiplicity of transfer agents, 

 including government agencies, universities and 

 nonprofit institutions, private sector organizations, 

 and individuals. There is a special need to provide 

 incentives that will encourage and enable universities 

 and firms with international interests to apply their 



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