training services (technology and management) for small 

 industries, particularly in rural areas; and (3) 

 "productivity centers" that provide industrial 

 extension and training services without a rural bias. 

 In this effort, there are important possibilities for 

 using specialized U.S. institutions that could, with 

 appropriate government support, provide temporary staff 

 or advisers, sponsor research and development 

 collaboration, organize conferences, collect and 

 disseminate information, etc. The United States might 

 also consider extending the U.S. International 

 Executive service Corps to include the broader 

 "technology corps" concept that it advanced at the 

 fourth session of the U.N. Conference on Trade and 

 Development (UNCTAD IV) . 



In addition, we recommend that the United States 

 offer (1) to assist in the development of engineering 

 and management institutions in developing countries 

 (mainly by strengthening existing institutions) ; and 

 (2) to stimulate curriculum development, teaching, 

 research, and technical assistance programs in U.S. 

 engineering schools that develop programs oriented to 

 the needs of developing countries. Since about 30,000 

 students from developing countries are enrolled in U.S. 

 engineering schools, there is substantial scope for 

 programs of the latter type. 



12. International Research on the 

 Industrialization Process 



The determinants of industrial growth in a 

 developing economy, including the role of technology as 

 an input into industrialization, are not well 

 understood. A limited amount of research in this area 

 is now being performed at universities in the United 

 States and elsewhere, in international agencies, in 

 private research institutions , and at the governmental 

 level. However, neither the volume nor the guality is 

 commensurate with the need or the urgency of the 

 questions that policymakers face. 



Better understanding is needed on such questions as 

 the likely trends affecting particular industrial 

 sectors and their implications for patterns of 

 technology choice, industrial location, and 

 international divisions of labor; the benefit-costs and 

 time-phasing of different industries and routes to 

 industrialization; alternative policy instruments to 

 guide industry in investment and adjustment decisions; 

 and the socioeconomic, cultural, and equity impacts of 

 alternative modes of industrialization. To seek these 

 and other insights, we recommend a wide-ranging 

 international program of industrial research, including 



20 



