To help implement national energy planning, 

 combined teams of specialists from both developed and 

 developing countries could study how best to plan 

 national systems of energy supply and utilization. 

 Planning activities could draw heavily upon the skills 

 and experience found in the U.S. government, 

 universities, and research centers. These activities 

 should specifically include consideration of national 

 goals that interact with energy goals (e.g., 

 environment, water, and land use) . 



Fegarding energy utilization and efficiency, joint 

 teams of specialists from such energy-intensive areas 

 as transportation, industrial processing, agriculture, 

 and habitat could work on devising better design and 

 implementation procedures to achieve higher efficiency 

 of use and to shift from imported to indigenous energy 

 resources. One successful model of such a joint effort 

 is the AID/National Bureau of Standards project for 

 low-cost housing in regions affected by high winds. 



For the implementation of both strategies, we 

 suggest the following: 



The United States could invite proposals from 

 developing countries, with or without an identified 

 U.S. co-proposer such as a university, for 

 assistance in comprehensive energy assessment. If 

 a U.S. partner or team is not identified, such 

 could be appropriately arranged by the sponsoring 

 agency (e.g., U.S. Department of Energy, AID, 

 National Science Foundation [NSF]). In all cases, 

 the proposing country should be required to 

 contribute significant in-kind support, committing 

 serious attention from high levels of decision- 

 making authority. 

 -- Host country or regional (international) training 

 seminars and workshops could be arranged to focus 

 on the energy issues within a country or region. 

 Such seminars could be a valuable learning 

 experience for both the developing countries and 

 the United States. 



— Short-term training sessions, workshops, and visits 

 at appropriate U.S. facilities could be organized 

 for developing country personnel after relevant 

 training in their own countries. 



— Provision could be made for developing country 

 students studying in the United states to return to 

 their own countries for dissertation or thesis work 

 on local energy problems. 



— A number of U.S. universities have developed 

 research centers that concentrate on comprehensive 

 energy research and analysis. With NSF and AID 

 support, some universities could undertake 

 relatively short-term nondegree programs in energy 



151 



