21. Continuing University Interchange 



Hundreds of our scientific and technical 

 institutions maintain exchange relationships with 

 developing countries which contribute to building 

 functional capabilities in those countries and to 

 maintaining professional skills and knowledge; many 

 would like to strengthen these relationships if more 

 support were available. 



One device for supporting long-term university 

 involvement in research collaboration and institution- 

 building in developing countries is Title XII of the 

 Foreign Assistance Act of 1977, presently restricted to 

 the food and nutrition fields. This legislation has 

 evoked very favorable response from U.S. universities, 

 but implementation has been slow. We recomm e nd that 

 programming under Title XII be speeded up; in light of 

 further experience, consideration might be given to 

 extending it to other fields. 



The United states also needs to develop mechanisms 

 for continuing involvement with developing country 

 institutions once the development aid period has 

 passed. Scientists and technicians in developing 

 countries seek continuing contact. As their 

 institutions gain strength, they become increasingly 

 viable partners for mutually beneficial research 

 programs and long-term, self-sustaining institutional 

 relationships. The lack of mechanisms to provide even 

 marginal assistance at just this crucial point risks 

 losing some of the greatest potential returns on the 

 U.S. aid investment. We recommend that the United 

 States support a modest program to enable U.S. 

 universities and other research institutions to cover 

 some of the special overhead costs of international 

 collaboration in research and development and to 

 continue to exchange scholars, subscribe to each 

 others journals, mount joint workshops, and the like, 

 in order to cement continuing, productive 

 relationships . 



22. Incentives for Development-Related Research 

 in the United States 



The U.S. research and development community 

 commands powerful capabilities that can support 

 development if the policy environment is supportive. 

 In the case of government-sponsored research, 

 facilitative legislation may be needed. In the health 

 field, for example, legislative restrictions sometimes 

 limit the types of involvement federal agencies can 

 have ; it has been suggested that the charters of the 

 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) and, 



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