science to provide accurate evaluation, both short and 

 long term, of national resources. Even where trained 

 personnel exist, marine research facilities are often 

 inadequate, even for studies in coastal areas. It is, 

 therefore, in the interest of both developing and 

 developed countries to mount a systematic and 

 adequately financed effort to assist in creating strong 

 marine science institutions in coastal developing 

 countries. 



We recommend that the United states declare its 

 readiness to support, through the U.S. Sea Grant 

 Program, long-term training for developing country 

 scientists, extension services to developing country 

 institutions, and cooperative research on the marine 

 environment, especially in estuarine and coastal areas. 

 Such programs would be greatly strengthened by a U.S. 

 offer to help finance, where requested, acquisition of 

 modern facilities and provision of temporary personnel 

 to help build up regional institutes of marine 

 resources. 



General Initiatives 



The need for improvement of several general 

 capabilities in both the United States and developing 

 countries becomes apparent when we compare the reports 

 of our various panels. U.S. proposals at the 1979 

 Conference should speak to these general concerns. 



17. Strengthening Scientific and 

 Technological Policymaking 



We give particularly high priority to assistance in 

 strengthening assessment and planning capabilities. 

 Countries need government planners and decision makers 

 who know how to bring science and technology to bear on 

 national policy and, conversely, how government policy 

 affects national capabilities in science and 

 technology. The impact of newly introduced technology 

 is not uniformly positive. For example, centralized 

 power and telecommunications systems may make countries 

 excessively dependent on grids and relay stations that 

 are expensive and difficult to maintain and incur 

 unnecessary power losses in long-distance transmission. 

 New agricultural practices brought by the Green 

 Revolution, although impressively successful in raising 

 food production, left some small farmers worse off than 

 before because adjustments were not made in 

 complementary agricultural policies. Such impacts on 

 the complex patterns of development cannot be 

 anticipated adequately by casual assessment processes. 



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