1348.] COSTUME AND CLIMATE. 467 



to llie manners of the Franks in many respects, antl adopted 

 in great part the costumes of western Europe ; but among 

 the other classes, with the exception of the Franks and Jews, 

 the Turkish dress prevails. A clear white or party-colored 

 turban, or the crimson tarbush, with its long silken tassel of 

 blue or black hanging down nearly to the shoulder of the 

 wearer, is worn by the males, while the females conceal their 

 dark locks and sallow faces — all but. the bright, flashing eyes — 

 beneath the folds of the thin muslin yashmak. When the 

 condition of the weather requires it, the former envelop them- 

 selves in the grego. a long coat, made of a thick brown or 

 maroon-colored woolen stuff, with a hood, and trimmed with 

 scarlet, cord and facings — while, the latter hide their embon- 

 point figures, and their loose, flowing sacks, and embroidered 

 shahs/ten, beneath their worsted ferajes of yellow or purple, 

 wilh their wide capes drooping down to the ground. The 

 Frank adheres to the costume of his fathers, and the Jew still 

 hides his sharp, cunning features, and the well-filled gipsire 

 in his girdle, beneath the folds of his dark serge or cotton 

 gabardine. 



For the greater part of the year the climate of Smyrna is 

 very pleasant, and tolerably healthy, but in the midsummer 

 months, from June till September, the hot rays of the sun are 

 concentrated by the surrounding hills, and pour down their 

 burning flood upon the city without mitigation. The intense 

 heat is ordinarily modified or tempered by the inbat, or sea- 

 breeze, but when this fails, the atmosphere is almost suffoca- 

 ting. At such times business is entirely suspended, and the 

 Franks always confine themselves to the pleasant shades of 

 their country houses. 



(3.) Leaving his vessel at Smyrna, Lieutenant Lynch pro- 

 ceeded to Constantinople — the Siambul of the Turk — in 

 accordance with his instructions, to obtain the permission of 

 the Sultan to pass through his dominions in Syria, to the 

 Dead Sea. This was cheerfully granted, and the requisite 

 firman, addressed to \hz governors of Saida and Jerusalem, 



