CONTENTS. XIX 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Boundaries of Oregon, 415, 416. Physical Geography, 416. Passes 

 through the Mountains, 416, 417. Fertility of the Soil, 417. Geology, 

 417, 418. Population, 418. Indian Tribes, 418. The White Inhabi- 

 tants,418. Government, 418, 419. Principal Towns, 419. Rivers, 419, 

 420. Columbia, 419, 420. Other Streams, 420. Harbors, 421, 422. 

 Puget's Sound, 421. Gray's Harbor, 421. Entrance to the Columbia 

 River, 421, 422. Tilamuke, Celeste, and Yacquina Bays, 422. Climate 

 of Oregon, 422, 423. Diseases, 423. Timber Trees, 423, 424. Agri- 

 cultural Products, 424, 425. Domestic Animals, 425. Fruits, 425. 

 Game, 425. Wild Fowl, 426. Discovery of California, 426. Expedi- 

 tions of Cortes, 426, 427. Subsequent Expeditions, 427. Pearl Fish- 

 eries, 427. Establishment of the Jesuits in California, 427, 428. Col- 

 onization by the Spaniards, 428. Gold known to Exist, 428. Slow 

 Progress of the Country, 428, 429. Boundaries, 429. Modern Explor- 

 ations, 429, 430. Discovery of Gold in 1848, 431. Effect on the 

 Inhabitants, 431. Manner of Working the Placeras, 431, 432. Extent 

 of the Gold District, 432. Purity of the Metal, 432, 434. Productive- 

 ness of the Mines, 434. Other Mineral Products, 435. Mine at Mari- 

 posa, 436. Prospects for the Future, 436, 437. Yield for the First 

 Year, 437. Severity of the Labor, 438. Rage for Speculation, 438, 

 439. Present Population of the Territory, 439. Rapid Immigration, 



439, 440. State of Society, 440. Adoption of a State Constitution, 



440. Boundary Established by the Convention, 440, 441. Physical 

 Geography, 441. Rivers, 441, 442. Harbors and Towns, 442, 443. 

 Climate, 443, 444. Wild Animals, 444. Fertility of the Soil, 444. 

 Agricultural Products, 444, 445. Forests, 445. Flowering Plants 

 and Shrubs, 445, 446. Departure, from San Francisco, 446. Arrival at 

 Manilla, 446. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



City of Manilla, 447. Dwelling Houses, 447, 448. Public Buildings, 448. 

 Cigar Manufactories, 448. Streets and Canals, 448, 449. Suburbs, 

 449. Population, 449. Society, 449. Dress, 450. Commerce of the 

 Town, 450. Harbor, 450. The Philippines, 450, 451. Geological 

 Formation, 451. Character of the Vegetation, 451. Chief Products, 

 451, 452. Zoology, 452. Climate, 452. Monsoons, 452. Trade and 

 Manufactures, 453. Pina, 453. Government, 453. Sailing of the 

 American Vessels, 453, 454. Arrival of the Vincennes at the Sooloo 



