210 Transactions. — Geology. 



From the scene of these fire-fountains, whose united length 

 was about a mile, the river in its rush to the sea divided itself 

 into four streams, between which it shut up men and beasts. 

 One stream hurried to the sea in four hours, but the others 

 took two days to travel ten miles. The aggregate width was 

 a mile and a half. Where it entered the sea it extended the 

 coast-line half a mile, but this worthless accession to Hawaiian 

 acreage was dearly purchased by the loss, for ages at least, of 

 4,000 acres of valuable pasture land, and a much larger quan- 

 tity of magnificent forest. The whole east shore of Hawaii 

 sank from 4 ft. to 6 ft., which involved the destruction of 

 several hamlets and the beautiful fringe of cocoanut-trees. 

 Though the region was very thinly peopled, two hundred 

 houses and a hundred lives were sacrificed in this week of 

 horrors ; and fi'om the reeling mountains, the uplifted ocean, 

 the fierv inundation, the terrified survivors fled into Hilo, each 

 with a tale of woe and loss. The number of shocks of earth- 

 quake counted was two thousand in two weeks, an average of 

 a hundred and forty a day ; but on the other side of the island 

 the number was incalculable." 



Appendix B. 

 Extracts from a Paper by Captain C. G. Borchgrcvinck. 



Ah'eady the first sight of Victoria Land convinces one 

 that it is of volcanic origin. The volcanoes of Victoria 

 Land show a tendency to follow the same line. From 

 Mount Sabine to Mount Melbourne the trend is south-south- 

 westerly. Mount Erebus and Mount Terror lie almost due 

 south of Mount Sabine. Further north from Mount Sabine 

 the great earth-fold, on the septum of which this chain of 

 volcanoes is situated, probably bends a little westward, as 

 shown partly by the surroundings partly by the position of 

 Balleny Island. North-west of Balleny Islands the great 

 fold trends perhaps to the knotting-point between the Tasma- 

 nian axis of folding and that of New Zealand, the former per- 

 haps running through Royal Company Island and Macquarie 

 Island. The knotting-point would probably be somewhere 

 (approximately) near the intersection of the 60th parallel of 

 south latitude, about the iSOth meridian of longitude east 

 from Greenwich. It would just join the line of extinct vol- 

 canoes along East Australia on the west, and perhaps the 

 active volcanic ^one of the North Island of New Zealand, 

 or, at all events, the fold which bounds that continent, on the 

 east. 



Traced in the opposite direction the volcanic zone pro- 

 bably runs through Seal Islands, the active volcanoes of 



