experiments recommended by the Workshops, discuss their merits, and formu- 

 late their own ideas for experiments to be carried out in Earth orbit. The recom- 

 mendations of these Workshops should not be viewed as final, but rather as a 

 starting point for further discussions within the general scientific community. If 

 exobiologists are inspired to give serious consideration to performing experi- 

 ments in Earth orbit, and if nonexobiologists are inspired to look at their work 

 from a new point of view, then these Workshops will have succeeded. 



The scientists who provided their time and expertise, attended the meetings, 

 discussed the ideas, and who did the thinking, the writing, and the rewriting are 

 listed at the end of this Preface. It is they who are responsible for the content of 

 this report. The chairpersons of the Workshops were Harold P. Klein from Santa 

 Clara University and William M. Irvine from the University of Massachusetts. 

 Three science working groups were formed -reflecting the basic nature of exo- 

 biological investigation, which includes observation, collection, and simulation. 

 These were led by Jill Tarter from the University of California at Berkeley and 

 the SETI Institute (Observational Exobiology), Don Brownlee of the University 

 of Washington (Cosmic Dust Collection), and David Usher from Cornell Univer- 

 sity {In Situ Experiments). John Billingham of NASA Ames provided the prin- 

 cipal liaison between the Workshops and the Ames Research Center. The Work- 

 shops members benefited from many experts who came to the meetings and gave 

 tutorials on specific aspects of Exobiology in Earth Orbit. They are: 



Roger Arno, NASA Ames Research Center (spacecraft opportunities) 



Martin Barmatz, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (containerless processing) 



Peter Banks, Stanford University (Space Station) 



Bill Berry, NASA Ames Research Center (spacecraft opportunities) 



Don Brownlee, University of Washington (cosmic dust) 



Ted Bunch, NASA Ames Research Center (cosmic dust collection) 



Graham Cairnes-Smith, Glasgow University (origin of life) 



Sherwood Chang, NASA Ames Research Center (cosmic history of the 

 biogenic elements and compounds) 



Martin Cohen, University of California at Berkeley (proto-planetary systems) 



Robert Davies, University of Pennsylvania (panspermia) 



Don DeVincenzi, NASA Headquarters (exobiology) 



Mike Duke, NASA Johnson Space Center (lunar bases) 



Mayo Greenberg, University of Leiden (bacterial survival in grains) 



Gerda Horneck, Institut fur Flugmedizen, Koln, West Germany (microb- 

 ial survival in space; ESA activities) 



William Kinard, NASA Langley Research Center (Long-Duration Expo- 

 sure Facility) 



Michael Lampton, University of California at Berkeley (the space 

 environment) 



VIII 



