MSC), Bnllsh Columbia (Ohlssim MSC). west central Canada 

 (Bird 1970). Cuba (Montague 1838-42). Greenland (Lynge 19.32). 

 Novaya Zemlya (Lynge 1932). France (Harmand 1905), Gerinany 

 (Erichsen 1957). Nepal (Awa.sthi 1965). England (Ferry and 

 Sheard 1969). 



NORTHEASTERN AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION; MAINE: 

 Cumberland Co.. Sagadahoc Co.. Hancock Co. MASSACHU- 

 SETTS: (Fisher MSC). NEW YORK: (Brodo 1968). NOVA SCO- 

 TIA: Halifax Co.. Yarmouth Co.. Digby Co.. Shelburne Co. 



NORTHEASTERN AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION: NOVA 

 SCOTIA: Cape Breton Co. NEWFOUNDLAND: Avalon Section. 



SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Xaiitlwriu dedans [Lmk) Th. Fr Lich. Arct. 69. I860. Lichen ele- 

 .?(//;.< Link. Ann. Naturges. 1:37. 1791. 



DESCRIPTION: Thallus foliose. red orange to citnne. nsing off 

 of sub.strate at least at tips. KOH + purple, forming ro.settes about 

 2-5 cm diameter, lobes nodular-conve.x. including tips. Apothecia 

 orange yellow to red orange, about 1 -2 mm broad. Spore colorless, 

 polarilocular. 10-13 x 5-8/(m. 



Upon cursory inspection this species may appear to be crustose 

 but it does have a developed lower cortex and lifts off the sub.strate 

 at least at the tips. The lobes have a tubular appearance but of quite 

 irregular width and thickness, giving it a rather nodular appearance. 

 Like X. pcirietiiui it is devoid of soredia. 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Washington (Howard 1950). 

 Alaska (Krog 1968). South Dakota (Wetmore 1967). New Mexico 

 (Rudolph 1953). Anzona (Nash MSC). Colorado (Wetmore MSC). 

 Wyoming (Shushan MSC). Montana (Imshaug MSC). Iowa 

 (Imshaug MSC). Michigan (Imshaug MSC). Minnesota (Fink 

 MSC), Wisconsin (Malachowski MSC), New York (Brodo MSC), 

 Mexico (Beaman MSC). Manitoba (Gillis MSC). Northwest Tem- 

 tory (Presi MSC). Nova Scotia (Lamb 1953). Greenland (Lynge 

 1932). Finland (Rasanen 1927). India (Awasthi 1965). China 

 (Magnusson 1940), New Zealand (Nylander 1888). Ontario (Wang 

 MSC), Iceland (Copeland MSC). 



NORTHEASTERN AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION: MAINE: 

 Sagadahoc Co., Hancock Co. NOVA SCOTIA: Digby Co., 

 Shelburne Co., Halifax Co., Victona Co., Cape Breton Co. NEW- 

 FOUNDLAND: West Coast Section, Northern Peninsula Section. 



Xanthoiui pancniui (L.) Th. Fr Lich. Arct. 67. 1860. Lichen 

 panrimi.s L. Sp. PI. 1 143. 1753. 



DESCRIPTION: Thallus foliose. orange to citrine, radiate, 

 often rosettclike. KOH + purple, lobes flat, wnnkled. ca. 1 mm 

 broad, usually forked at the tips, soredia absent. Apothecia numer- 

 ous, ca. 5 mm broad, plane to concave with thin thalline margin 

 disappearing with age. Spores eight perascus. polanlocular color- 

 less, 10-13 X 6-9,(01. 



This widespread oceanic species Is easily distinguished from all 

 other littoral Xanthoriae by its relatively broad, thin, distinctly 

 wrinkled thallus divided dichotomously at the tips. The apothecia 

 often contrast with the thallus by being more red colored, 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Greenland (Lynge 1937). Nov- 

 aya Zemlya (Lynge 192S). Sweden (Dcgelius 1935). Finland 

 (Rasanen 1927). Italy (Jatta 1909-1911). India (Awasthi 1965). 

 Cuba (Montagne 1838-42). Tenenfe (Imshaug MSC). England 

 (Ferry and Sheard 1969). Wales (Fletcher 1937b). Spain (W. & C. 

 Culberson MSC). 



AWASTHI. D D 



1965. C;ikili>guc ol the lichens Inmi India. Nepal. Pakistan, and Ccvlon 

 Nova Heduieij. Bcihcftc. SuppI 17. LIT p 

 BIRD. C D 



1970 Keys to Ihc lichens ol wesi Lenlral Canada The Hcrhanuni, Dep 

 Biol . Univ, Calgary, mimeogr . p 132 

 BRODO. I M 



,1968. The lichens ot Long Island, New York A \egelaIional and llonstic 

 analysis NY Stale Mus .Sci Serv Bull 411). .V'Op 

 DKGF.LIUS. G 



19,'l.S Das o7.-anische element der strauch-und-lauh-tleehlen flora von Skan- 



dinavien Acta Phytogeogr Suec 7 1-411 

 1939. Die tiechlen \on norra skatton Lippsala L:niv .Arsskr II I-2U.S 

 ERICHSEN. C F E 



1957 Flechten Mora von Nordwestdeutschland Gusta^ Fischer Verlag. 

 Slultgan. p 1-41 I 

 FERRY. B, W,. and J. W SHEARD 



1969, Zonation of supralitloral lichens on shores around Ihc Dale Peninsula. 

 Pembrokeshire Field Siud 3 41-67 

 FLETCHER. A 



1973a, The ecology of marine (littoral! lichens on some rocky shores of 



Anglesey. Lichenologist 5:368-400 

 |473b. The ecology of maritime (supralitloral) lichens on some rocky shores 

 of Anglesey, Lichenologisi 5:401-422 

 HALE. M E . Jr . and W L CULBERSON 



1970 A lourth checklist of the lichens of the continental tinned States and 

 Canada Bryologist 73:499-543. 

 HARMAND. L J 



1905, Lichens de France Epinal. Pans 4 609 

 HARRIS. R 



1975, A ta,vonomic revision of the genus Arthopyrania Massal S, Lat (Asco- 

 niycetes) in Norlh America Mich Slate Univ . East Lansing. 301 p 

 HEDRICK. J 



1933, New genera and species of lichens from the herbarium i.A Brxice Fink 

 I, Mycologia25 303-316 

 HOWARD. G E 



1950 Lichensol the slateol Washington Lmv Wash Press, Seattle, 19 I p 

 IMSHAUG. H A 



1957, Alpine lichens of western United Slates and adjacent Canada I The 

 macrolichens Bryologist 60: 177-272, 

 J,«iTTA. A 



1909-191 I Flora italica iryplogjma Pars III Lichens Rocca S Cus- 

 ciano Stabilimento Tipografico L Cappelli, 460 p 

 KROG, H 



1468 The macrolichens ol Alaska Nor Poljnnst Skrl44, ISOp 

 LAMB. I M 



1953 Antarctic pyrenocarp lichens Discoverv Rep 25 I 30 



1954 Lichens of Cape Bretim Island. Nova Scolia ,^nnu Rep Nail Mus 

 Can 132 239-313 



L'l NGE. B 



1928 Lichens Irom Novaya 7eml>a level ol A: cinnpi'iii and 

 Uiaiwnn Rep Set Results Norw Fvped N. naya /cmKa 192 1 , 43, 294 



P 

 1432 Lichens Irom norlh cast Greenland, II .Microlichens Skr Svalbard 



Ishavct SI 1-143 

 1937 Lichens Irom west Greenland, collected chielly by Th M 



Fries Medd GiOnl I IHlSI 22s ,, 

 MAGNUSSON. A H 



1932 Lichens Irom western Northamenc.i, mainl> Washington and 



Alaska Ann Cryptog Hxot 5lll:l6-38 

 1440 Lichens Irom cental Asia Rep Sci hvped Norlh w Prov China 13 



I6S p 

 MONTAGNE, ,1 F C 



1838-1842 Botanique-Plantes Ccllulairies In R de la Sagra, Hlstoire phy - 



siqiie politique et n.ilurelle de I'lle de Cuba 8 105-237, 



22 



