In FY 1982, NMFS conducted research programs at 6 laboratories and 

 field stations. These programs included research on development of 

 salmon diets utilizing fish by-products as feed ingredients in 

 diets and improved broodstock fecundity through dietary control 

 (Seattle, Washington); monitoring smoltif ication enzyme activities 

 for determination of best procedures for conditioning hatchery 

 produced salmon for their migration into the sea, identifying 

 diseases in salmon and developing control measures, developing 

 biochemical and genetic techniques to identify stocks of hatchery 

 and wild salmonids, and improved husbandry techniques for Atlantic 

 salmon broodstock and subsequent egg production for stocking New 

 England streams (Manchester, Washington); development of 

 high-quality salmon fry and smolts for release into the ocean, and 

 bio-environmental estuarine and marine studies to determine the 

 causes of fluctuations in juvenile-to-adult stage survival of both 

 hatchery and wild salmon stocks (Auke Bay, Alaska); maturation and 

 spawning of marine shrimp indigenous to the Gulf of Mexico, and 

 head-start techniques for marine turtles (Galveston, Texas); 

 diagnosis of diseases of shellfish (Oxford, Maryland); and a 

 variety of molluscan studies on natural diets, genetics, culture 

 methods, disinfection techniques for contaminated hatchery water 

 for oysters, and the development of methodology for the culture of 

 bay scallops and surf clams (Milford, Connecticut). 



Total program funding in FY 1982 for the marine aquaculture program 

 was $5.3 million. NMFS also provided about $750,000 to the States 

 on a cost sharing basis for marine aquaculture research and 

 development activities under the Commercial Fisheries Research and 

 Development Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-309) and the Anadromous Fish 

 Conservation Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-304) . 



In addition, the NMFS Columbia River Fisheries Development Program 

 provides funds for production of anadromous salmonids through the 

 use of hatcheries. Program funds are provided to State agencies in 

 the Pacific Northwest as well as to the FWS to rear and release 

 salmon and steelhead trout. 



In 1982, expenditures totalled $6.4 million for the operation of 24 

 hatcheries and rearing facilities operated by the cooperating 

 fisheries agencies, resulting in the release of approximately 115 

 million migrant anadromous salmonids. Other activities of this 

 program include studies on the quality of hatchery produced fish, 

 habitat improvement, and fish passage devices, totalling another 

 $2.5 million. 



During FY 1982, 100 aquaculture projects were conducted involving 

 $3.0 million in Federal Sea Grant funds by scientists in 30 

 academic institutions. Major centers of Sea Grant-sponsored work 

 on aquaculture exist in all coastal and Great Lakes regions of the 

 United States with the research generally focused on one or two 

 species. These centers are: University of Hawaii (Malaysian 

 prawn, Macrobrachium , and seaweeds) , University of Alaska 



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