Environmental requirements 



Studies are needed on interactions between cultured organisms and 

 their environment. Knowledge about the effects of chronic exposure 

 to metabolic wastes, intensive culture stress caused by 

 intraspecies interactions, carrying capacity of natural and 

 artificial environments, and comparisons of various configurations 

 of culture facilities such as ponds, raceways, and suspended 

 culture is needed. Research would help to: 



o Develop methods for predicting and correcting water quality 

 deterioration in fish production systems 



o Develop methods and techniques (management, mechanical, 

 chemical, biological) to control the production of 

 . undesirable aquatic plants and animal in culture systems 



o Design equipment and evaluate techniques such as aeration, 

 i.' filtration, recirculation, water exchange, and chemicals to 

 improve water quality and fish production 



o Improve culture systems and equipment with particular 

 reference to hatching technology and bioengineering 



Facility engineering, construction, and operation • :• . 



Culture systems and equipment would be improved with particular 

 reference to hatchery technology and bioengineering and to 

 mechanization and automation of closed and semi-closed, and other 

 culture systems. Emphasis would be placed on research to: 



o Analyze hydraulic, aeration, energy use, filtration, and 

 water quality factors in raceways, silos, water-reuse 

 systems, and ponds for culture 



o Develop reliable automatic and demand feeders for 

 small-particle and moist feeds 



o Develop practical and reliable degassers and oxygenation 

 devices for large-scale aquaculture systems 



o Test the performance and operational reliability of ozone 

 and ultraviolet filters for pathogen and parasite control 

 in large-scale aquaculture systems 



Effluent controls 



Develop innovative and economic techniques to reduce or prevent 

 pollution by recycling organic wastes, preventing water runoff, and 

 studying alternative wastewater utilization practices for grow-out 

 systems for species in all stages of development. Work is needed 

 to: 



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