White. — On the Native Dog of Neto Zealand. 553 



It is notable that vioho is the name for clog in Marque- 

 san. Mr. Charles Herbert tells me that the Maoris at Wainui, 

 near Cape Turnagain, on the East Coast, had no individual 

 names for their dogs formerly, but gave a general call of 

 " Moi, moi." This surprised me, as, some ten years ago, 

 when a number of Taupo Maoris were shearing my sheep, 

 I one day called " Moi, moi," to one of their dogs, and this 

 caused a laugh among the Maoris. On asking for an expla- 

 nation of their merriment the answer was that it was ridicu- 

 lous to call " Dog, dog." But these Maoris had adopted 

 most of the customs of the pakeha. 



Waero is the tail of a dog, also a mat ornamented with 

 dogs' tails. It is remarkable that the dogs' tails in Mr. 

 Skinner's mat are some of them short, as if from dogs 

 naturally having bobtails. It is possible such may be the 

 case, for the Maori would preserve the dog's tail for the sake 

 of the growth of hair of an extra length ; and I feel con- 

 vinced by further study of European languages that in olden 

 times the European dog was frequently born with a short 

 tail. I will have another trial to prove this: "Coot (Celtic) 

 (Middle English, cote, coote), a water-fowl: Anglo-Saxon, cyta, 

 a kind of bird : Dutch, koet, a coot (probably Celtic) : Welsh, 

 cwtiar, a coot (literally a bobtailed hen, from cwta, short, 

 bobtailed ; and iar, a hen) ; civtiad, cwtyn, a plover : Gaelic, 

 cut, a bobtail : Welsh, cwtait, to shorten, dock =: czii (Celtic): 

 Middle English, cutten, a weak verb: Welsh, civ tau, to shorten, 

 to dock. Compare Welsh, civtios, a lot, with Middle English 

 cut, a lot : so, also, Gaelic, cutaich, to shorten, cut short — 

 chief form, Welsh, cict, a tail ; Gaelic and Irish, cut, a short 

 tail; Cornish, cut, short." — (Skeat.) Here is fair evidence 

 that the dog was sometimes born with a tail which looked 

 as if cut or shortened. 



The derivation of the word " to cut " I consider is Latin, 

 cos, cotis, a flintstone ; cautes, cautis, a rough pointed rock — 

 which were used by the savage or primitive man to cut and 

 chop with in the place of knife or axe. Or perhaps a 

 nearer word for flint might be found in one of the cognate 

 languages. 



Mr. A. E. Wallace gives twenty words as different names 

 for dog used by the natives of the Malay Archipelago, which 

 are — a'lijing, asu, muntoa, kayuna, ungu, assu, aso, kdso, iydr, 

 gdso, asna, astt, wasu, yds, naioang, kafinii, afi'ma, lioio, yes, 

 yem. Some of these names are probably phonetic, for among 

 the various names for cat are — miau, tusa, ngedu, miau, ndo, 

 mau, madw, mar, sJiika, &c. These names are decidedly derived 

 from the call of the animal. As Maori names for the (bark- 

 ing or) howling of the kuri, Mr. Tregear gives, " I'ewc, to yelp 

 as a dog. Ao, the bark of a dog : ' Katahi ka whakao mai, 



