M Transactions. — Zoology. 



the bark which more nearly resemble those on the gall ; but 

 even these are usually smaller, and always much less closely 

 aggregated. On cutting open a gall longitudinally the in- 

 terior is found to be more or less solid, with, in the centre, a 

 slender elongated tube, resembling the gall of G. casuarince, 

 QXid within this tube will be found the female insect. 



Adult female resembling in general appearance G. casuarince, 

 but generally rather brownish than red in colour, and the spots 

 are darker. The larvae congregate in the concavity of the 

 ventral region, as in the last species. Antennae very short, 

 broad at the base and sharply pointed. I have not been able 

 to satisfy myself as to the number of joints, but these are pro- 

 bably four, the second being the shortest. Only the anterior 

 pair of feet are present, and these resemble generally those 

 of G. casuarince, but may perhaps be more slender. The 

 characteristic features of G. S'lnnifcrus are found in the spines 

 which it bears. These, on the cephalic and thoracic regions, 

 are scattered in fairly large numbers, some being long and 

 slender, others shorter and thicker. On the anal segment, 

 which is circular, slightly convex, and bearing numerous long 

 fine hairs, the spines are short, rather thick, and arranged 

 in several concentric rows. Moreover, in the middle of the 

 circular disc formed by this segment, close to the anal orifice, 

 there are two adjacent, flattish, broad, protruding lobes or 

 plates, irregularly quadrangular, with deeply-serrated terminal 

 margins, and bearing on the serrations usually five strong 

 thick spines. 



Second female stage not observed. 



Larva dark-red, elongated, elliptical, tapering slightly pos- 

 teriorly ; very active : length about -^qIyl. Antennae as in 

 G. casuarince, of six joints, of which the last two are very 

 small. The feet, marginal and dorsal spines are as in G. 

 casuarince, but I think the tibiae and tarsi are rather thicker. 



Male not observed. 



Hah. In Australia, on Gasuarina quaclrivalvis : Mr. 

 Tepper and Mr. French have sent me several specimens. 



The external form of the gall and the numerous spines on 

 the adult female sufficiently distinguish this very interesting 

 insect : the larva is also rather smaller than in the other species. 

 I know of no Coccid in any group or genus which presents 

 similar lobes and spines on the anal segment. 



Cylindrococcus, sp. (?) Plate X., fig. 8. 



I possess a photograph by the late Mr. Crawford of a 

 curious group of galls on Gasiiccrina, of which I have en- 

 deavoured to give an accurate representation. Mr. Crawford 

 evidently considered this as the same as C. spiniferus just 

 described, for on the same photograph is a twig with galls of 



