Chapman. — On the Working of Greenstone. 517 



10. In the South Island, on the west coast, in several mountain- 

 streams. [Dr. Shortland, in his "Southern Districts of New Zealand," 

 says, " Specimens of stone are found in detached blocks or pebbles. . . 

 The places most renowned near which it is sought are Arahura and 

 Ohonu iTaramakau] , on the north-west coast ; Wakatipu, a lake in the 

 interior, one of the sources of the River Matau (the modern Clutha, or 

 Molyneux) ; and Piopiotahi, a torrent on the south-west coast." No white 

 man had then seen Lake Wakatipu. The errors in this statement are 

 elsewhere explained. — F. B. C] 



11. A dirty-yellow colour I have seen, but understood that it resulted 

 from the action of fire. The sort with a silky lustre like asbestos is found 

 on the west coast of the South Island. It is said to be found on the 

 beach after heavy gales — possibly derived from some reef seaward. 



12. I do not think the name Wai Pounamu was applied to the whole 

 Island. [See on this subject a reference to Dr. Shortland's memorandum 

 elsewhere.— F. R. C] 



13. Vide Sir George Grey's "Mythology and Traditions." [Re- 

 ferred to fully ante.—F. R. C] 



14. Vide idem. 



15. Made by rubbing on sandstone or otherwise, as described above. 



16. Vide Sir George Grey's " Mythology and Traditions." 



17. Vide Shortland's " Traditions and Superstitions of New-Zea- 

 landers," p. 253, ed. 2 ; the account of the wars being translated from 

 a narrative by his son. The cause was a curse by Rerewaka, a chief of 

 Kaikoura (called the Looker-on Mountains by Captain Cook), as stated 

 to me by his son. The following-up of the war to Kaiapoi was caused by 

 a chief or relative of Rauparaha named Te Pehi going into a large pa 

 there in a peaceable manner with the object of obtaining a imtu-pounamu 

 as a present. He and his party were murdered. This led to the 

 continuation of the war, and a great distrust of all natives as far as 

 Taumutu. 



Other Authorities. 



Major Heaphy, already quoted, gave, in 1862, a brief description of 

 the qualities of greenstone : — 



Of pounamu there are the following kinds, namely : — 



1. The Inanga. — This is the most valued by the Maoris. It is rather 

 opaque in appearance, and is traversed with creamy-coloured veins. The 

 best viercs are usually made of this stone. 



2. Tlie Kauairangi [Kahurangi^ . — This is of bright-green colour, 

 with darker shades or mottled, and is the most translucent. It is a 

 brittle material and not easily worked. Ear-pendants are frequently made 

 of it. 



3. The Kawakaioa. — This is of a dark olive-green, and has rather a 

 dull and opaque appearance. Hei-tiki and ear-pendants are composed 

 of it. 



4. Makatangiwai [= Kokotangiivai] . — This is the least esteemed by 

 the Maoris, but by far the most beautiful of all. It is a clear pale- 

 green, and is very translucent. The natives will drill a hole through a 

 pebble of it and hang it to a child's ear, but do not care to fashion it into 

 any shape. It is the only kind of pounamu that would be esteemed for 

 the purposes of ornament by Europeans. 



[NoT^. — KaioaJiaica is now largely used for jewellery in the colony.] 



Other Varieties. 

 I have collected from various sources other words describing varieties 

 and subvarieties, or perhaps local words. 



