Maskell. — 0)1 Coccididse. 43 



organs ; the smooth unsegmented appearance is similar to 

 that exhibited frequently by Aphides attacked by parasites. 

 Indeed, the insect mider these conditions is nothing but a bag 

 containing parasitic larva?. I have found several, not actually 

 dead, containing as many as fifteen large, fat, white grubs 

 closely packed. These are probably hymenopterous, for in a 

 few instances I have seen Hymenoptera inside the Coccids, 

 just on the point of emergence. When mature, the parasite 

 escapes from the gall through a small round hole in the usual 

 way. 



Female of the second stage not observed. But in two in- 

 stances I have found, flattened between the adult female and 

 the base of the gall, exuviae which at first I took to be those 

 of this stage, though afterwards I recognised them as the 

 second stage of Sphcerococcus, just described. Their presence 

 inside the galls can only, I suppose, be accidental — they must 

 have entered through some chink and been unable to get out 

 again ; but the situation in which they were found only tended 

 to make the diagnosis of the gall-making species more diffi- 

 cult. 



Larva dark-red, elongated, elliptical, tapering slightly 

 posteriorly ; very active : length about -^in. Antenna placed 

 close together at the cephalic extremity, which is rather trun- 

 cate : they are short, tapering, with six joints, of which the 

 first is very thick, the last two small ; on the last are several 

 hairs. Feet rather long and slender : tibite about equal to 

 the tarsi ; claw slender ; digitules all long hairs : the tarsus 

 is somewhat sharply narrowed near its tip, and at this spot 

 there are two long hairs. Mentum short, thick, dimerous. 

 There are six dorsal longitudinal rows of spines, which are 

 very long and slender, especially those on the margin of the 

 abdominal segments. Anal tubercles moderate, each bearing 

 a strong spine and a long seta. 



Male not observed. 



Hah. In Australia, on Casuarina quadrivalvis : Mr. 

 French has sent me several specimens. 



Cylindrococcus spiniferus, sp. nov. Plate X., figs. 1-7. 



Insects inhabiting galls which they form on the twigs of the 

 plant : these galls are sometimes seen in bunches of half a 

 dozen together, sometimes singly. The external form is 

 somewhat like that of a filbert, wide at the base and narrow- 

 ing rapidly to a point : length varying from fin. to lin., the 

 basal width being from Jin. to iin. The surface is very rough, 

 being covered with large pointed scales, and these are so dis- 

 proportionate to the size of the ordinary small scales, or teeth, 

 at the joints of the twig that it is not easy to make out how 

 they are collected. There are, indeed, some scattered scales on 



