White. — On the Native Dog of Nexo Zealand. 543 



is evident that chains were first made for the special purpose 

 of controlhng the dog. Most people are acquainted with the 

 result of tying a dog to his kennel by a rope or piece of hide — 

 how he will with the greatest ease cut them with his teeth as 

 if with a knife. Now, chien, French, a dog ; chenil, a kennel ; 

 chenu, hoary, grey-headed ; chaine, a chain : and in Latin, 

 canis, a dog; canities, a grey or greyish-white colour; 

 canicula, a small dog or slut. Guniculus, a rabbit ; and 

 haninclian, German, a rabbit — the ending of these two words 

 means "little " or "small;" so the whole is "the little grey 

 fellow," and seems to show that the rabbit was not indigenous 

 to Germany.* Latin, catella, a little chain ; catellus, a little 

 dog, puppy, or whelp, also a small chain ; catena, a chain ; 

 catillo, to lick a plate ; catulus, a young dog — point to the dog 

 being of a grey colour, and to his being fastened by a chain 

 when not in use. 



" The Gauls used dogs in war. Appian relates that a Celtic 

 ambassador's body-guard was composed of these trusty 

 animals. The Allobroges also kept numbers of them for this 

 service. The Cimbrians having left their baggage in the charge 

 of their dogs, they successfully defended it after the defeat of 

 the army. (Pliny, viii., 40.) 



"Those of Britain were particularly esteemed, and great 

 numbers were sent to Gaul to be used in war, being much 

 superior to the continental breed. The Caledonians kept them 

 for the purpose of giving notice of the approach of an enemy. 

 (Smith's Gall. Ant.) The Romans imported great numbers 

 from Britain for use in hunting. 



" The Lujnis cervarius, a hart- or hind-wolf, called by the 

 Gauls rajjJman, was found in their extensive forests, and 

 several were exhibited in Rome by Pompey as natural 

 curiosities. They were not the only remarkable animals of the 

 kind ; there were a sort of very large and fierce creatures, called 

 wolf-dogs, being a cross from the two animals. Great herds 

 of these roamed in the woods, and, what was most singular, a 

 particular dog acted as leader, all the others following and 

 submitting to his direction, the whole pack observing an 

 appearance of order." (Pliny, vii., c. 40.) " They seem to 

 have resembled the Irish wolf-dog." 



" The present name of a wolf in the Highlands is viada, a 

 dog, and alluidh, ferocious : and foxes are madadh riiadh 

 (red dogs) or sionach." It would seem probable that the idea 

 that these wild dogs were hybrids is fallacious : their evident 

 numbers and the fact of their congregating together are against 



* It might be said that Lat. cuniculus means " little cave-maker ;" 

 but I prefer to take advantage of the change of the vowel " u " to "a," 

 as shown in the German kanincheii. 



