Chapman. — On the Working of Greenstone. 493 



Hokitika. Among the prisoners taken was Tuhuru, chief of 

 the Poutini-Ngaitahu, who on the return of moi'e peaceful 

 times was ransomed for a greenstone mere called Kai-kanohi 

 (Eat the eye), which is still in the possession of the tribe. 

 Later a party of more adventurous spirits continued the 

 journey down the west coast, and, crossing by the Haast 

 Pass, or one in that neighbourhood, surprised and massacred 

 the natives settled at Hawea. One boy, Eangitapu by name, 

 who still lives, an old man, at Port Molyneux, escaped, and 

 warned his father, the chief at Wanaka, and he and his family 

 fled down the Waitaki. The invaders, making rafts of Phor- 

 viimii stems with the help of their prisoners, floated down 

 the great and rapid river Matau, or Molyneux, whose volume 

 is said to equal that of the Nile, and thus passed right through 

 Otago. Their appearance on the south coast, near the mouth 

 of the Mataura, led to a hurried assemblage of fighting-men, 

 headed by Tuhawaiki, from all quarters, including, it is said, 

 white whalers and sealers from Foveaux Strait ; and this ended 

 in the defeat and almost total destruction of the invaders. 

 The remnant were made slaves, one chief being kept a prisoner 

 for many years. The tale has only been preserved in an 

 obscure form. Since this invasion Maoris have never in- 

 habited the interior of Otago. There is evidence that at one 

 time a large population lived at or regularly visited Lakes 

 Te Anau, Manapouri, Wakatipu, Hawea, and Wanaka. At 

 the two former lakes numerous objects of greenstone have been 

 found, and recently a great number have been ploughed up at 

 Lake Wakatipu. 



Eesults. 



The military overthrow of Ngaitahu at Kaiapoi never be- 

 came a conquest giving a title to their territories ; but in 

 after-years the first white travellers who reached Arahura 

 found' the population strangely mixed. Nominally the tribe 

 was the Poutini branch of Ngaitahu, with some of the rem- 

 nants of the original Ngatiwairangi incorporated ; but some of 

 Ecxuparaha's Ngatitoa and Ngatiraukawa had detached them- 

 selves from the expedition, which swept that coast in a mur- 

 derous man-eating raid, and settled with their old enemies 

 there. Besides, there were some of the scattered fugitives 

 from Kaiapoi, who had fied in terror from Eauparaha's arms, 

 and even some from Otago, who had probably accompanied 

 them. These had just effected the sale of their territory to 

 the Queen when the miners swarmed into the country, from 

 which in a few years they sent out gold to the value of ten 

 millions sterling. 



The practical outcome of all the sanguinary wars to 

 which I have brieflv alluded has been considerable. Con- 



