"The codfish lays a thousand eggs, 



The homely hen lays one, 

 But the codfish never cackles 



To tell you what she's done. 

 And, so we scorn the codfish, 



While the humble hen we prize. 

 Which only goes to show 



That it pays to advertise." 



I suggest if we can't put more money into industry advertising, 

 that as a last resort we attach air horns to the air bladders of 

 codfish. At least we will make more noise. 



Minister Sharp discussed, in general, the advantages of in- 

 creased trade among all nations, and especially among Ameri- 

 can nations. He pointed out that about one of five dollars 

 Canada earns comes from exports. It was quite clear from his 

 discussion that Canada is very dependent upon trade, and her 

 trade in fisheries is very large. 



The Minister discussed the Kennedy Round Tariff negotia- 

 tions now underway in Europe. He was cautiously optimistic 

 that this would be successful after periods of disappointment 

 and trials. It was his view that these talks would lead even- 

 tually to an improved trade climate among nations and he saw 

 fisheries trade expanding as a result. 



While the preceding gentlemen talked primarily about do- 

 mestic markets, Secretary of the Interior Udall talked about the 

 developing world markets and the challenge the United States 

 fishing industry faces in competing for the world markets of 

 tomorrow. He pointed out that the international trade in 

 fisheries products is growing, and growing rapidly — that the 

 volume of world exports in 1963 was almost three times as 

 great as in 1948 and 60 percent larger than in 1958. North 

 America and Europe combined bought about 83 percent of the 

 total volume of world imports of fish in 1963. In contrast, 

 Africa, Latin America, and Asia together — these, of course, are 

 countries with relatively low purchasing power — accounted for 

 only 14 percent. Secretary Udall recognizes that the current 

 negotiations, called the "Kennedy Round Tariff Negotiations," 

 will undoubtedly impose some immediate economic hard- 

 ships on our domestic fishing industry. But, provided the fish- 

 ing industry accepts the challenge, a reduction in trade barriers 

 will make possible new opportunities for overseas trade by the 

 American fishing industry. He views the increased world 

 harvest of fish as a possible means of meeting the problem of 

 hunger throughout the world. With the recent accumulation 

 of scientific information about the sea, it seems obvious to him 

 that our industries — the industries of the three countries here 

 at this Conference — can be made ready for ocean development 

 programs, translating scientific knowledge into an ever-increas- 

 ing harvest of mineral, food, and water resources from the sea. 

 In order to make this vast potential food resource available to 

 hungry people, we in our three countries must develop more 

 highly sophisticated systems of trade and aid — systems which 

 require international cooperation as well as cooperation be- 

 tween Government and private business. He believes that 

 fish can play a decisive role in these programs through the de- 

 velopment of private trade as well as through overseas aid, 



such as Food for Peace and other programs. Secretary Udall 

 believes that as developing countries achieve economic growth, 

 active markets for fisheries products develop. He points out 

 that industry must develop new kinds of products — those based 

 upon new technology, such as freeze drying, irradiation, and 

 reduction products — along with conventional, economic canned 

 and cured products for use in growing markets in rapidly de- 

 veloping countries. He looks upon fish protein concentrate 

 as providing great opportunities for industry in this country. 

 He believes that we are on the threshold of marked improve- 

 ment in both developing a fish protein concentrate as well as 

 finding uses for it in human diets. He looks upon this as a way 

 of bringing into commercial use many species of fish now 

 entirely or partially unutilized. In summary, Secretary Udall 

 believes that the American fishing industry has a tremendous 

 challenge to develop world markets for fishery products. He, 

 like a number of our speakers on the panels over the past 3 

 days, sees improved technology and increasing efficiency as the 

 key to successful competition on the world market. 



There were two additional papers of great interest and con- 

 cern to the Conference. The first of these was by Mr. Robi- 

 chaud, Minister of Fisheries for Canada. Mr. Robichaud's 

 message involved a most stimulating discussion of the need for 

 conservation and wise management of world fishery resources. 

 He warns us that the mobile fleets of large fishing countries pose 

 a serious challenge to the somewhat inadequate world organi- 

 zation for conservation of international fisheries research and 

 regulation. He points out that although there are some out- 

 standing examples of the conservation of fishery resources, 

 examples in which both the United States and Canada partici- 

 pate, there are storm clouds overhead brought about by the in- 

 creasing competition for common resources. His discussion of 

 various fisheries commissions in which Canada participates 

 leads him to conclude that, in order to meet the challenge, some 

 kind of mechanism much broader than the regional commis- 

 sions now in being must be developed in order to safeguard the 

 living resources of the sea in the future. 



Mr. Rochichaud sees an important role for the FAO to play 

 in gathering comprehensive statistics of all fisheries and stimu- 

 lating the exchange of scientific information on a very broad 

 basis. He emphasizes that the rapid expansion of world 

 fisheries will continue; that this creates an urgent need for 

 strong unified conservation efforts; and that we of the Americas 

 face a great challenge. He points out that if we meet this 

 challenge effectively, future generations will benefit. But, if 

 we fail, our generation will share the blame. Minister Robi- 

 chaud expresses Canada's determination to play her part in 

 winning the battle for international cooperation in fishery 

 conservation. 



Mr. Jackson has spoken to us this afternoon about the role 

 of FAO in world fisheries. I need not repeat his summary of 

 the explosive character of world fisheries today, but I should 

 mention that Mr. Jackson quite clearly lays out the imbalance 

 in the harvest of fish by a very few countries. For example, he 

 points out that nearly one-third of the world catch in 1963 was 

 taken by 2 countries — Peru and Japan — and that two-thirds 

 of the world catch was taken only by 10 countries out of some 



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