application of engineering principles to the problem of effi- 

 ciently harvesting or mining the ocean's resources. The early 

 implementation of ocean engineering studies is vital to achiev- 

 ing the full potential of available marine food resources and 

 to increasing the efficiency of harvesting fish which will enable 

 industry to expand its position in world trade. 



But in order to make this vast food resource available to 

 hungry people we must have a more highly developed system 

 of trade and aid — one which requires international cooperation 

 as well as cooperation between governments and private busi- 

 ness. This is one of the central issues at the heart of President 

 Johnson's Great Society concept. 



The President, in his State of the Union Message, stressed 

 one of the goals of the Great Society when he said : "I will seek 

 new ways to use our knowledge to help deal with the explosion 

 in world population and the growing scarcity in world re- 

 sources." 



Through our overseas aid programs and especially through 

 Food for Peace, we are seeking to encourage economic growth, 

 improve living standards, and increase buying power among 

 the hundred of millions of people in the developing countries 

 of the world. Fish can play a decisive role in these programs. 



Now you may ask the question — How can private industry 

 help as long as this part of the world market lies outside com- 

 mercial trade channels and is dormant? My answer to that 

 would be — This latent demand is continually being stimulated 

 and developed through the process of economic growth. Poli- 

 cies of both the industrialized and the developing countries 

 have stressed the importance of continued and expanded eco- 

 nomic growth of the less developed countries. Economic 

 growth has become a major factor in maintaining political 

 stability. As this economic growth takes place, people of these 

 countries increase their income. As they increase their in- 

 comes, latent markets become active markets. 



As these markets become active, we should be prepared to 

 supply them with fishery products they want and can buy. 

 These will not necessarily be the same "luxury type" products 

 being used to satisfy the demand in North America and Western 

 Europe. They must be low-priced products which are pre- 

 servable and nutritious. 



We need further work to develop products to meet this poten- 

 tial demand. We cannot supply this market with fresh fish; 

 neither can we count on their being able to handle large sup- 

 plies of frozen products. 



Preservable products which are possibilities are the con- 

 ventional canned and cured products. We also need con- 

 tinued research on the adaptation of new technology, such as 

 freeze-drying and irradiation, as a means of solving this 

 problem. 



With very few exceptions, the manufacture of fish protein 

 concentrate has not yet received the interest it deserves. Sev- 

 eral countries, including the United States and some interna- 

 tional organizations, have given increasing recognition to the 

 importance of fish protein concentrates in improving the diet 

 of people in countries where animal protein is lacking. 



We are on the threshold of marked improvement in com- 

 mercially and economically feasible methods of manufacturing 



fish protein concentrates. With this development, we can 

 expect to bring into commercial use many species of fish not 

 now utilized, and we will also most certainly see an upgrading 

 in the use of some species now taken only for industrial uses. 

 Within the past three decades, we have seen our own menhaden 

 resource upgraded from use as a fertilizer to use as a valuable 

 protein supplement in animal and poultry feeding. The next 

 step will be upgrading products from this resource from an 

 animal feed to a protein rich additive to the human diet. 



Off the North American coasts abound large stocks of hake, 

 mackerel, and certain herringlike fishes scarcely utilized today. 

 Production could be increased many times if such species were 

 caught up to the limit of their sustainable yields. We should 

 no longer ignore this bountiful natural resource because of lack 

 of marketability, but rather we should strive to develop meth- 

 ods to make these species available for the market. A large 

 step in the right direction is being made in the northwest, where 

 I understand a hake fishery will be started this year. 



In conclusion, let me sum up the challenge that world mar- 

 kets and demands pose to the North American fishing industry. 

 World trade in fishers' products has been expanding rapidly 

 and has been undergoing significant changes in terms of prod- 

 ucts and product form moving between countries. Thus far, 

 the United States fishing industry has not taken advantage of 

 the opportunities for developing export markets for fisheries 

 products. In fact, in the postwar era we have lost some of our 

 prewar markets. Many of these because of conditions beyond 

 our control. There can be no doubt but that expanded world 

 markets for American-produced fisheries products present a 

 dynamic challenge to the American fishing industry. Con- 

 sider for a moment the continued economic development and 

 a potentially improved environment for world trade which offer 

 the possibility of even greater increases in trade in the next 

 decade. There are significant advantages to be gained by the 

 North American fishing industry from this expanding market 

 if we work to take advantage of the opportunity. If we can 

 improve our technology and efficiency in harvesting and proc- 

 essing of fish, and merchandise our products aggressively in 

 world markets, we can increase the net revenue from our fishery 

 resources and at the same time extend the volume and species of 

 fish taken by our industries. 



In addition to the expansion of the present effective demand, 

 there is a great potential for extending the market to lower in- 

 come areas of the world, where the purchasing power is cur- 

 rently lacking. Here again we need to seek the means of 

 harvesting and processing to provide a nutritious product that 

 can be brought into the price range of the lower income areas. 

 We are close to a great development in the fish protein concen- 

 trate program. This new technology has within it the means 

 to bridge the gap between the vast untapped resources of the 

 oceans and the dire need in large areas of the world. So, I 

 say, let's not despair about present difficulties but rather take 

 heart in the great opportunity available to us; few industries 

 there are in our country which possess such potential growth 

 possibilities; let us aggressively look for ways to take advantage 

 of the developing vast world market. 



Thank you very much. 



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