emies are on a par with those of the USSR Academy, 

 and some, like the Paton Institute of Electric Weld- 

 ing of the Ukrainian Academy, are recognized as the 

 leading Soviet institutions in their fields. 



Despite efforts to decentralize and disperse sci- 

 entific resources, however, Soviet science remains 

 highly concentrated in a few large urban centers. 

 Moscow alone boasts one-fourth of all scientific 

 workers, 34 percent of all doctors of science and 26 

 percent of all candidates of science. Here also are 

 the most qualified researchers: 45 percent of all 

 scientists with the title of professor; 72 percent 

 of all full members and 64 percent of all correspond- 

 ing members of the USSR Academy. In just three cit- 

 ies — Moscow, Leningrad, and Kiev — are concentrated 

 one fourth of all scientific institutions, nearly 40 

 percent of all R&D being performed in the country, 

 and more than 45 percent of the total allocations to 

 scientific research and development.^ 



Finally, in addition to the Soviet and republic 

 academies of sciences, there are several specialized 

 branch academies under the ministries of their re- 

 spective fields. Some significant research facili- 

 ties are subordinate to these academies, particularly 

 in biomedicine. The specialized academies of inter- 

 est in R&D planning and management are the Academy of 

 Medical Sciences under the USSR Ministry of Health, 

 the Academy of Agricultural Sciences under the USSR 

 Ministry of Agriculture, and the Academy of Pedagog- 

 ical Sciences under the USSR Ministry of Higher and 

 Specialized Secondary Education. It may be noted 

 that the branch academy system was considerably re- 

 duced in the 1960s and many of its institutions 

 transferred to the republic academies. Table 9-1 

 supplies data concerning the size and composition 

 of the all-union, republic, and branch academies. 

 Table 9-2 provides data on the scientific centers of 

 the USSR Academy of Sciences. 



The planning and managerial authority of the USSR 

 Academy in fundamental research is extensive. Report- 

 ing directly to the USSR Council of Ministers, the 



50 



